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Image of the “bovine pain face” as described by Gleerup et al. (2015) [6], in a calf diagnosed with polyarthritis. The facial expression undergoes different changes due to pain. Note the position of the ears, the tension of the facial muscles and muscles above the eyes, and the dilated nostrils. The picture was taken by the author at the Clinic for Ruminants with Amulatory and Herd Health Services, LMU Munich.
