Figure 2.

Effect of hyperglycemia on biochemical parameter changes. (A) Levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (sCr), glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), glucose, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the blood serum were measured after fasting at the end of experiment. All the above biochemical parameters were analyzed at 12-h fasting state condition. Oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) was performed to diagnose diabetes. (B) Urinary creatinine, albumin, and protein levels estimated at indicated time point. The values represent means ± SEM. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ND, normal diet; HFD, high-fat diet.