Table 2.

A summary of physiological effects of FFAR4 stimulation in various tissues and organs. Based on [3,11,17].

Tissue/Organ	Effects
Hypothalamus	Reduction of food intake, suppression of rewarding effects of high-fat/high-sucrose diet
Taste buds	Taste perception/taste preferences
Adipose tissue	WAT: adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation; BAT: stimulation of FGF21 secretion, promotion of browning
Neuroendocrine cells of gastrointestinal tract	Stimulation of CCK and GLP-1 secretion
Delta cells of pancreas	Stimulation of somatostatin secretion
Bones	Decrease of osteoclastic bone resorption, stimulation of osteoblastic bone formation
macrophages	Attenuation of inflammatory macrophage activity