Table 2.
Plasma fatty acids profiles (%) in the studied sample.
| Total Sample (n = 330) | Normal (n = 103) | Osteopenia (n = 145) | Osteoporosis (n = 53) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | p Value | Adjusted p Value * | |
| C8:0 Caprylic acid | 0.06 (0.09) | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.08 (0.07) | 0.057 | |
| C10:0 Decanoic acid | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A | |
| C12:0 Lauric acid | 0.07 (0.48) | 0.06 (0.25) (a) | 0.09 (0.55) | 0.07 (0.08) | 0.029 | 0.079 |
| C14:0 Myristic acid | 0.78 (0.28) | 0.77 (0.26) | 0.78 (0.31) | 0.77 (0.25) | 0.953 | |
| C16:0 Palmitic acid | 39.88 (3.69) | 40.2 (3.36) (a) | 39.28 (3.49) (b) | 40.22 (4.39) | 0.018 | 0.036 |
| C18:0 Stearic acid | 24.99 (5.04) | 25.23 (3.86) | 24.72 (5.93) | 25.78 (3.53) | 0.195 | |
| C20:0 Arachidic acid | 0.28 (1.08) | 0.28 (0.89) | 0.27 (1.11) | 0.87 (1.21) | 0.219 | |
| C22:0 Docosanoic acid | 0.34 (0.17) | 0.33 (0.16) | 0.35 (0.18) | 0.33 (0.14) | 0.796 | |
| C24:0 Lignoceric acid | 0.25 (0.15) | 0.25 (0.14) | 0.26 (0.17) (b) | 0.22 (0.1) | 0.043 | 0.042 |
| C16:1 Palmitoleic acid | 0.61 (0.39) | 0.6 (0.39) | 0.66 (0.4) | 0.66 (0.38) | 0.493 | |
| C18:1 cis (n9) Oleic acid | 10.16 (4.16) | 9.75 (3.01) (a) | 10.82 (4.47) | 9.57 (3.85) | 0.013 | 0.045 |
| C22:1 (n9) Erucic acid | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A | |
| C18:3 (n3) Linolenic acid (ALA) | 0.31 (0.77) | 0.33 (0.97) | 0.3 (0.75) | 0.3 (0.17) | 0.309 | |
| C20:5 (n3) Eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) | 0.3 (0.27) | 0.28 (0.19) | 0.34 (0.29) | 0.26 (0.33) | 0.251 | |
| C22:6 (n3) Docosahexenoic acid (DHA) | 1.42 (0.92) | 1.52 (0.85) | 1.34 (0.97) | 1.33 (0.87) | 0.123 | |
| C18:2 (n6) Linoleic acid (LA) | 14.06 (4.12) | 13.77 (3.98) | 14.64 (4.43) | 13.46 (3.4) | 0.057 | |
| C20:4 (n6) Arachidonic acid (AA) | 5.04 (1.95) | 5.18 (1.65) | 5 (2.4) | 4.75 (1.28) | 0.150 | |
| Plasma total n-3 PUFA | 2.33 (1.53) | 2.54 (1.29) | 2.17 (1.78) | 2.34 (1.35) | 0.069 | |
| Plasma total n-6 PUFA | 18.92 (5.09) | 18.85 (4.6) | 19.11 (5.42) | 18.64 (3.88) | 0.247 | |
| Plasma n-6/n-3 ratio | 8.28 (5.85) | 7.94 (4.57) | 8.93 (8.14) | 7.77 (6.58) | 0.091 | |
| Plasma total SFA | 67.75 (7.45) | 68.34 (6.93) | 67.13 (8.58) | 68.48 (5.22) | 0.079 | |
| Plasma total MUFA | 10.9 (4.31) | 10.42 (3.08) (a) | 11.75 (4.75) | 10.37 (3.65) | 0.016 | 0.057 |
| Plasma total PUFA | 21.48 (4.43) | 21.48 (3.78) | 21.68 (5.05) | 20.85 (3.76) | 0.284 |
Between-group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal Wallis test. (a) Poshoc analysis by Dunn’s test, p < 0.05 vs. osteopenia group. (b) Poshoc analysis by Dunn’s test, p < 0.05 vs. osteoporosis group * Adjusted by, age, years since menopause, BMI and vitamin D, calcium and energy intake (Quade’s test).