Table 7.
Bone parameters by tertile of plasma Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) (C16:1 Palmitoleic acid + C18:1 cis (n9) Oleic acid + C22:1 (n9) Erucic acid).
| Plasma Total MUFA Tertiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Sample (n = 301) | Lowest (<9.66) (n = 99) | Middle (9.66–12.37) (n = 100) | Highest (>12.37) (n = 102) | |||
| Median (IQR); n (%) | Median (IQR); n (%) | Median (IQR); n (%) | Median (IQR); n (%) | p Value | Adjusted p Value * | |
| Quantitative Bone Ultrasound | ||||||
| BUA (dB/MHz) | 106 (14) | 107 (17) | 105 (12) | 106 (11) | 0.395 | |
| SOS (m/s) | 1541 (35) | 1540 (33) | 1541 (38) | 1544 (35) | 0.836 | |
| Volumetric BMD (mg/cm3) | ||||||
| Total density (mg/cm3) | 305.7 (73.7) | 309.4 (79.9) | 306.7 (83) | 294.7 (69.1) | 0.409 | |
| Trabecular density (mg/cm3) | 163.1 (55.4) | 159.1 (59.4) | 164.6 (57.8) | 164.5 (53.6) | 0.885 | |
| Cortical density (mg/cm3) | 418 (109.9) | 434.1 (109.2) | 420.6 (121.5) | 408.5 (106.5) | 0.141 | |
| Bone morphometry (mm2) | ||||||
| Total area (mm2) | 300.4 (54) | 307 (48.8) (a) | 302.2 (63.9) (b) | 290.7 (41.8) | 0.02 | 0.012 |
| Trabecular area (mm2) | 135.1 (24.4) | 137.8 (21.2) (a) | 135.8 (28.5) (b) | 130.9 (18.8) | 0.014 | 0.006 |
| Cortical area (mm2) | 165.3 (29.9) | 169.2 (25.8) (a) | 166.4 (35.4) (b) | 160.3 (23) | 0.014 | 0.006 |
| Bone Mineral Density | ||||||
| BMD L2-L4 (g/cm2) | 0.912 (0.205) | 0.927 (0.216) | 0.934 (0.228) | 0.883 (0.173) | 0.078 | |
| BMD L2 (g/cm2) | 0.901 (0.204) | 0.919 (0.22) | 0.912 (0.226) | 0.865 (0.161) | 0.07 | |
| BMD L3 (g/cm2) | 0.925 (0.229) | 0.941 (0.214) | 0.953 (0.245) | 0.896 (0.162) | 0.056 | |
| BMD L4 (g/cm2) | 0.914 (0.204) | 0.933 (0.205) | 0.923 (0.231) | 0.879 (0.179) | 0.26 | |
| Z-score (lumbar spine) | 0.3 (1.6) | 0.4 (1.9) | 0.3 (1.6) | 0 (1.4) | 0.308 | |
| T-score (lumbar spine) | −1.3 (2) | −1.2 (2) | −1.1 (2.2) | −1.6 (1.7) | 0.075 | |
| BMD Femoral trochanter (g/cm2) | 0.759 (0.13) | 0.779 (0.171) | 0.759 (0.127) | 0.744 (0.139) | 0.219 | |
| BMD Femoral neck (g/cm2) | 0.611 (0.139) | 0.63 (0.135) | 0.594 (0.143) | 0.609 (0.138) | 0.229 | |
| Z-score (hip) | 0.5 (1.4) | 0.6 (1.7) | 0.5 (1.3) | 0.4 (1.4) | 0.586 | |
| T-score (hip) | −0.8 (1.3) | −0.6 (1.7) | −0.7 (1.2) | −0.9 (1.3) | 0.179 | |
| Bone health | ||||||
| Normal | n = 103 (34.2%) | n = 37 (35.9%) | n = 42 (40.8%) | n = 24 (23.3%) | 0.020 | |
| Osteopenia | n = 145 (48.2%) | n = 41 (28.3%) | n = 42 (29%) | n = 62 (42.8%) | ||
| Osteoporosis | n = 53 (17.6%) | n = 21 (39.6%) | n = 16 (30.2%) | n = 16 (30.2%) | ||
Between-group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal Wallis test or the Chi-square test as appropriate. (a) Poshoc analysis by Dunn’s test, p < 0.05 vs. higher tertile. (b) Poshoc analysis by Dunn’s test, p < 0.05 vs. higher tertile. * Adjusted by, age, years since menopause, BMI and vitamin D, calcium and energy intakes (Quade’s test).