Table A1.

Polyphenol content of foods and their effects on glucose metabolism. * data adapted from http://phenol-explorer.eu/cite_us database (accessed on 29 March 2021) ° data From J Pèrez-Jimenez et al. European Journal of Nutrition (2010) 64 S112 S120 [73].

Dietary Source	Polyphenols Content (Class) *	Main Content for Serving °	Supposed Benefic Effects on Glucose Metabolism
Wheat Whole Grain flour	Flavones Alkylphenols Hydroxycinnamic acids	14 mg	Reduction of fasting insulin and insulin resistance.
Soy flour	Isoflavonoids	93 mg	Inconsistent data
Apples	Anthocyanins Dihydrochalcones Flavanols Flavonols Hydroxybenzoic acids Hydroxycinnamic acids	149 mg	Reduction of Postprandial Glucose
Blackberry	Flavonols Hydroxybenzoic acids	374 mg	Reduction of insulin resistance.
Red Raspberry	Anthocyanins Flavanols Flavonols Hydroxybenzoic acids Hydroxycinnamic acids	310 mg	Lower glycemic peak, reduction of serum insulin, better insulin response.
Strawberry	Anthocyanins Flavanols Flavonols Hydroxybenzoic acids Hydroxycinnamic acids Stillbenes	390 mg	Improved insulin sensitivity, decreased insulin hypersecretion.
Pomegranate	Anthocyanins Dihydrochakcones Flavanols Flavonols Hydroxybenzoic acids Hydroxycinnamic acids	1.1 mg	Reduction of postprandial glucose.
Citrus	Flavanones Flavones Flavonols Lignans	42 mg	Reduction of glucose uptake, improvement of insulin sensivity
Red Onion	Anthocyanins Flavonols Hydroxybenzoic acids	50 mg	Alfa-glucosidase ad alfa-amylase inhibition. Upregulation of adiponectin receptors Reduction of insulin resistance Increase of insulin secretion Activation of AMP-Activated protein kinase
Yellow Onion	Flavonols Hydroxybenzoic acids	22 mg
Broccoli	Flavonols Hydroxycinnamic acids	33 mg	Reduction of insulin resistance
Red Wine	Anthocyanins Flavonols Hydroxycinnamic acids	126 mg	Reduction of insulin resistance Improve beta-cell function
Olive Oil	Flavones Hydroxybenxoic acids Hydroxycinnamic acids Hydroxyphenylacetic acids Lignans Hydroxybenzaldehydes Tyrosols	10 mg	Reduction of insulin resistance Dipeptidil-Dipeptidase-4 inhibition Increase GLP1 secretion
Cocoa (dark chocolate)	Flavanols Flavonols Hydroxycinnamic acids Stillbenes	283 mg	Reduction of insulin resistance Reduction of appetite
Coffee	Hydroxycinnamic acids Alkylmethoxyphenols Alkyphenols Methoxyphenols	408 mg	Reduction of insulin resistance
Black Tea	Flavanols Flavonols Hydroxybenxoic acids Hydroxycinnamic acids	197 mg	Reduction of postprandial glucose. Reduction of insulin resistance
Green Tea	Flavanols Flavonols Hydroxybenxoic acids Hydroxycinnamic acids	173 mg