Figure 3.

Illustration of the formation of titanium dioxide nanowires. (a) Si substrate with an as-cast film of PS-b-PEO solution, (b) post thermo-solvent vapour annealing self-assembled PS-b-PEO is achieved. (c) film after titanium precursor inclusion. (d) post UV ozone and calcination process titanium dioxide nanowires. AFM image (2 × 2 µm²) of the self-assembled PS-b-PEO thin film is shown on the furthest right. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from ([37]). Copyright (2018) American Chemical Society.