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Objectives and phases of polymer brush and BCP lithography LCA. The arrows indicate the progression from part (a) initial Motivation to (b) building a LCA framework to guide decision making to part (c) the outcome of the LCA study. In part (b) the four stages of the LCA are outlined as defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14000 standards — specifically, 14040 and 14044 [237,250].
