Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of eligible participants for the early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
| Characteristics | Non-COPD | COPD | Total | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 267 | 103 | 370 | - |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 59.0 ± 9.0 | 65.7 ± 9.8 | 60.9 ± 9.7 | <0.001 |
| <55 years | 93 (34.8%) | 17 (16.5%) | 110 (29.7%) | <0.001 |
| 55–59 years | 46 (17.2%) | 9 (8.7%) | 55 (14.9%) | |
| 60–64 years | 56 (21%) | 17 (16.5%) | 73 (19.7%) | |
| ≥65 years | 72 (27%) | 60 (58.3%) | 132 (35.7%) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 253 (94.8%) | 96 (93.2%) | 349 (94.3%) | 0.536 |
| Female | 14 (5.2%) | 7 (6.8%) | 21 (5.7%) | |
| BMI | 25.81 ± 3.86 | 24.38 ± 4.13 | 25.41 ± 3.98 | 0.001 |
| Cough | ||||
| No | 24 (9.0%) | 4 (3.9%) | 28 (7.6%) | 0.096 |
| Yes | 243 (91.0%) | 99 (96.1%) | 342 (92.4%) | |
| Phlegm | ||||
| No | 30 (11.2%) | 9 (8.7%) | 39 (10.5%) | 0.483 |
| Yes | 237 (88.8%) | 94 (91.3%) | 331 (89.5%) | |
| Breathless | ||||
| No | 91 (34.1%) | 24 (23.3%) | 115 (31.1%) | 0.045 |
| Yes | 176 (65.9%) | 79 (76.7%) | 255 (68.9%) | |
| CAT | 9 ± 6 | 12 ± 7 | 10 ± 6 | |
| 0–9 | 160 (59.9%) | 43 (41.7%) | 203 (54.9%) | 0.001 |
| 10–19 | 94 (35.2%) | 44 (42.7%) | 138 (37.3%) | |
| 20–29 | 12 (4.5%) | 15 (14.6%) | 27 (7.3%) | |
| 30–40 | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (1.0%) | 2 (0.5%) | |
| Smoking pack-years | 39.4 ± 27.5 | 48.6 ± 29.3 | 42.6 ± 28.3 | 0.001 |
| <50 | 216 (80.9%) | 67 (65.0%) | 283 (76.5%) | <0.001 |
| ≥50 | 51(19.1%) | 36 (35.0%) | 87 (23.5%) | |
| Pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC determined using Spirobank Smart | 81.78 ± 7.44 | 63.57 ± 13.37 | 76.71 ± 12.49 | <0.001 |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC determined using a diagnostic spirometer | 81.28 ± 7.19 | 59.06 ± 9.04 | 75.1 ± 12.62 | <0.001 |