Table 1.

A literature-informed summary of resistance mechanisms described in Gram-negative urinary isolates.

	ESBL	AmpC	Carbapenemases	Aminoglycoside Resistance Mechanisms	Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mechanisms	References
						(Sorted Alphabetically)
Escherichia Coli	CTX-M-1 CTX-M-3 CTX-M-14 CTX-M-9 CTX-M-15 CTX-M-27 CTX-M-30 SHV-7 OXA-1 TEM-21 TEM-22 TEM-28 IRT-3 SHV-12	CMY-2	KPC VIM IMP OXA-48 Efflux pumps	aacC2	qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, mutations in gyrA and parC genes	Arpin, 2003 Blazquez, 1993 Bohnert, 2006 Bou, 2002 Bradford, 1996 Kim, 2020 Onanuga, 2019 Rodrigez-Bano, 2004 Teshager, 2000 Yasufuku, 2011
Klebsiella Pneumoniae	CTX-M-15 SHV-2 SHV-2a SHV-5 TEM-15 TEM-19 TEM-21 TEM-24 TEM-48	DHA-1 FOX CMY-2	KPC VIM IMP OXA-48	16S rRNA methylases: rmtA, rmtB, armA aadB aadA2	qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, mutations in gyrA and parC genes	Arpin, 2003 Bedenić, 1998 Bedenić, 2001 Bedenić, 2010 Damjanova, 2007 Damjanova, 2008 Gniadkowski, 1998 Gruteke, 2003 M’Zali, 1995 Podbielski, 1991 Thomson, 1991 Vedet, 2006 Zujić-Atalić, 2014
Enterobacter spp.	CTX-M-15 CTX-M-10 VEB-1	Derepressed AmpC	VIM-1			Apfalter, 2002 Franolić-Kukina, 2016 Girlich, 2001
Proteus spp.	TEM-52	CMY-16				Bedenić, 2016
						Sardelić, 2010
Klebsiella Aerogenes	TEM-3 TEM-24					Arpin, 2003
Citrobacter spp.	CTX-M-2 CTX-M-14 CTX-M-15 SHV-12				qnrB4 qnrS AAc6-Ib-cr	Kanamori, 2011
Acinetobacter Baumannii			OXA-23 OXA-24 OXA-58	16S rRNA methylases: armA, rmtB	mutations in gyrA and parC genes	Franolić-Kukina, 2011 Garneau-Tsodikova, 2016 Ladavac, 2015 Pournaras, 2006 Vranić-Ladavac, 2014
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa	OXA-10 OXA-17 SHV -5		VIM-2	16S rRN Amethylases: armA, rmtA, rmtB, rmtD1, rmtG aacC6	mutations in gyrA and parC genes	Bošnjak, 2010 Bubonja-Šonje, 2015 Garneau-Tsodikova, 2016 Poirel, 2004 Sardelić, 2012 Sorour, 2008