Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Parameters | Cases (n = 953) | Controls (n = 953) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.14 (9.26) | 63.32 (8.47) | 0.650 |
| Male, n (%) | 544 (57.08) | 544 (57.08) | 1.000 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.68 (2.98) | 23.84 (2.86) | 0.224 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 6.43 (2.54) | 5.92 (1.43) | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.35 (1.02–1.89) | 1.27 (0.89–1.86) | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.96 (4.19–5.71) | 5.35 (4.58–6.11) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.07 (0.92–1.26) | 1.39 (1.16–1.62) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.89 (2.34–3.53) | 2.99 (2.39–3.68) | 0.037 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 650 (68.21%) | 376 (39.45%) | < 0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 272 (28.54%) | 132 (13.85%) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 163 (17.10%) | 117 (12.28%) | 0.003 |
| Current drinking, n (%) | 63 (6.61%) | 113 (11.86%) | < 0.001 |
| Plasma TMAO (µmol/L) | 2.85 (1.74–4.59) | 2.33 (1.53–3.83) | < 0.001 |
Data are expressed as n (%) for categorical data, mean (standard deviation) for parametrically distributed data, or median (interquartile range) for nonparametrically distributed data. BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide.