Figure 1.

The overlap between the COVID-19 KG [54] and Heme KG [42] reveals shared biochemical pathways. (A) The network displays the largest area of overlap between the two KGs. Node coloring denotes whether a particular entity is present exclusively in the COVID-19 KG (blue), in the Heme KG (green), or in both (red). Neighbors of overlapping nodes are colored in light red. The parts of the network corresponding to inflammation, blood coagulation, and complement system are circled. (B) A high-resolution network view of the inflammation system with directionality of the relations (small excerpt depicted). Solid edges represent increase and decrease relations, while dashed edges represent correlations. (C) The overlap between the two KGs based on human proteins represented as a Venn diagram. The numbers of nodes that only present proteins are depicted (COVID-19 KG: 595 (red), Heme KG: 106 (blue), overlap between both: 32 (violet)). The two KGs overlapped in the following systems: immune response–inflammation (panel (D)), immune response–complement system (panel (E)), blood and coagulation system (panel (F)), and organ-specific diagnostic markers (panel (G)). The hemoglobin level was often decreased in COVID-19 patients [29,59] and is depicted (dashed, red line). ATP: adenosine triphosphate, C3: complement component 3, CRP: C-reactive protein, DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase 4, HAS2: hyaluronan synthase 2, Hx: hemopexin, IL: interleukin, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, NKAP: NF-κB-activating protein, PDCD1: programmed cell death protein 1, RIPK3: receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 3, ROS: reactive oxygen species, and TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4.