Table 2.

Viral regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy.

Genome	Viruses Name	Viral Proteins	Mechanisms of Action	Effects	Refs
RNA	Influenza A virus (IAV)	PB1-F2	TUFM-mediated mitophagy	Evasion of innate immune response	[23]
	Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV3)	M protein	TUFM-mediated mitophagy	Evasion of innate immune response	[24]
	Hantavirus	Gn protein	TUFM-mediated mitophagy	Evasion of innate immune response	[25]
	Hepatitis C virus (HCV)	Not known	DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission/ Parkin-mediated mitophagy	Promotion of virus replication	[26,27]
		NS5A	PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy	Promotion of cell survival	[28]
	Humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV)	gp120 and Tat	DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission/ Parkin-mediated mitophagy	Promotion of virus replication	[29]
	Coxsackievirus B (CVB)	Not known	DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission	Promotion of virus productiveinfection	[30]
	Classical swine fever virus (CSFV)	Not known	Mitochondrial fission/ PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy	Inhibition of apoptosis	[31]
	Transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV)	Not known	Inducing mitophagy	Inhibition of apoptosis	[32]
	Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)	Not known	DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission/ Parkin-mediated mitophagy	Inhibition of apoptosis	[33]
	Newcastle disease virus (NDV)	Not known	p62-mediated mitophagy	Inhibition of apoptosis	[34]
DNA	BK-polyomavirus (BKV)	Agnoprotein	p62-mediated mitophagy	Evasion of innate immune response	[35]
	Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)	Capsid (?)	ROS production/ DRP1 phosphorylation/ PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy	Promotion of apoptosis (?)	[36]
	Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs)	E5	PINK1/parkin-, BNIP3-, NIX-, and FUNDC1-mediatedmitophagy	Promotion of virus replication	[37,38,39]
	Hepatitis B virus (HBV)	HBx	DRP1 phosphorylation/ PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy	Inhibition of apoptosis	[40]
	Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)	vIRF-1	NIX-mediated mitophagy	Inhibition of apoptosis/ Promotion of virus productive infection	[41]