Figure 1.

Exosome biogenesis begins with the formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILs) in late endosomes following cargo sorting. Both ESCRT dependent and ESCRT independent lipid-driven pathways are involved in creating multivesicular bodies. Exocytic MVCs fuse with the plasma membrane in Rab GTPases regulated miRNAs; exosome content depends on cell type and cells’ physiological and pathological conditions. Here we illustrate the components of exosomes identified in multiple proteomic studies and different cell content. Adapted from Gurunath et al. (2019) ⁴⁹, Copyright @ 2019 MDPI and modified to accompany our review on exosome biogenesis and composition.