Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Study design | Country | Participants | Gender (male %) | Age (mean) | Anxiety measurement tools (cut-off) | Anxiety in patients with vitiligo (%) | Quality assessment by NOS (score) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sharma et al. (2001) | Cross-sectional | India | 30 vitiligo and 30 psoriasis | 17 (56.7%) vs. 18 (60.0%) | N/A | DSM-IV | 3.3 | 6 |
| Ahmed et al. (2007) | Cross-sectional | Pakistan | 100 vitiligo | 38 (38.0%) | 24.6 | PAS | 10.0 | 5 |
| Schmid-Ott et al. (2007) | Cross-sectional | Germany | 363 vitiligo | 79 (21.8%) | 43.5 | ACS-SAA | N/A | 6 |
| Saleh et al. (2008) | Cross-sectional | Egypt | 50 vitiligo and 50 psoriasis | 25 (50.0%) vs. 25 (50.0%) | 28.5 vs. 38.2 | TMAS | 14.0 | 6 |
| Arýcan et al. (2008) | Cross-sectional | Turkey | 113 vitiligo | 53 (46.9%) | M: 29.2, F: 33.4 | Psychiatrists | 15.9 | 7 |
| AlGhamdi (2010) | Cross-sectional | Saudi Arabia | 164 vitiligo | 91 (55.5%) | 27 | IPQ | 57.0 | 6 |
| Ajose et al. (2014) | Cross-sectional | Nigeria | 102 vitiligo and 87 albinos | 51 (50.0%) vs. 53 (60.9%) | 35.94 vs. 30.05 | HADS-A (>10) | 18.6 | 9 |
| AlShahwan (2015) | Cross-sectional | Saudi Arabia | 64 vitiligo and 811a | N/A | N/A | HADS-A (>10) | 26.6 | 6 |
| Morales-Sanchez et al. (2017) | Cross-sectional | Mexico | 150 vitiligo | 47 (31.3%) | N/A | BAI (>15) | 60.0 | 8 |
| Raikhy et al. (2017) | Cross-sectional | India | 53 vitiligo and 947a | N/A | N/A | ICD-10 | 11.3 | 7 |
| Sorour et al. (2017) | Cross-sectional | Egypt | 108 vitiligo and 934a | 48 (44.4%) vs. N/A | N/A | DSM-V | 31.5 | 9 |
| Sawant et al. (2019) | Cross-sectional | India | 100 vitiligo | 56 (56.0%) | M: 35.8, F: 36.9 | ASC-SAA | N/A | 8 |
| Dabas et al. (2020) | Cross-sectional | India | 95 vitiligo and 86 melasma | 34 (35.8%) vs. N/A | N/A | GAD-7 (>8) | 21.1 | 9 |
| Chen et al. (2020) | Cohort | China | 1432 vitiligo and 5728b | 559 (39.0%) vs. 2239 (39.1%) | 47.08 vs. 46.09 | ICD-9-CM | 12.2 | 8 |
| Balaban et al. (2011) | Case control | Turkey | 42 vitiligo and 33 HCs | 19 (45.2%) vs. 14 (42%) | 39.70 vs. 35.12 | DSM-IV, LSAS | 4.8 | 8 |
| Zang and Ji (2012) | Case control | China | 80 vitiligo and 40 HCs | 33 (41.3%) vs. 16 (40.4%) | 29.1 vs. 29 | SAS (>50) | 47.5 | 8 |
| Karelson et al. (2013) | Case control | Estonia | 54 vitiligo and 57 HCs | 22 (40.7%) vs. 23 (40.4%) | 36.6 vs. 39.7 | ES-Q (>12) | 22.0 | 7 |
| Wei et al. (2013) | Case control | China | 55 vitiligo and 118 HCs | 29 (52.7%) vs. 60 (50.8%) | 40.98 vs. 40.56 | HAMA (>14) | 10.9 | 5 |
| Mufaddel and Abdelgani (2014) | Case control | Sudan | 24 vitiligo and 105 HCs | N/A | N/A | HADS-A (>8) | 62.5 | 7 |
| Karia et al. (2015) | Case control | India | 50 vitiligo and 50 HCs | 22 (44.0%) vs. N/A | 33.6 vs. N/A | DSM-IV | 8.0 | 7 |
| Ucuz et al. (2020) | Case control | Turkey | 30 vitiligo and 30 HCs | 18 (60%) vs. 18 (60%) | 12.3 vs. 13.3 | K-SADS-PL | 10.0 | 6 |
Abbreviations: N/A: not applicable; HCs: healthy controls; M: males; F: females; NOS: Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; AHRQ-11: 11 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition; PAS: Psychiatric Assessment Schedule; ACS-SAA: Adjustment to Chronic Skin Diseases Questionnaire-Social Anxiety/Avoidance; TMAS: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale; IPQ: Illness Perception Questionnaire; LSAS: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; ES-Q: Emotional State Questionnaire; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety; BAI: Beck's Anxiety Inventory; ICD-10: International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition; DSM-V: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition; ICD-9-CM: International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification; GAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder-7; K-SADS-PL: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version. aNonvitiligo patients with skin diagnosis; bpatients without vitiligo.