Table 3.
Comparison between good and poor sleep based on clinical parameters for the NCBP and control groups
| Good sleep (PSQI ≤ 5; n = 74) |
Poor sleep (PSQI > 5; n = 86) |
p° | p1 | p2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study group, n (%) | Control group n = 27 (37%) |
NCBP group n = 47 (64%) |
Control group n = 17 (20%) |
NCBP group n = 69 (80%) |
0.018¶ | ||
| Age, mean ± SD | 34.6 ± 6.7 | 36.2 ± 6.4 | 34.5 ± 6.6 | 34.4 ± 7.5 | 0.967ŧ | 0.190ŧ | |
| BMI, mean ± SD | 26.0 ± 2.1 | 25.1 ± 1.8 | 25.9 ± 1.5 | 25.9 ± 2.4 | 0.793ŧ | 0.046ŧ | |
| HADs-total, median (min–max) | |||||||
| HADs-anxiety | 7 (2–18) | 6 (2–11) | 8 (4–16) | 11 (3–19) | 0.332* | < 0.001* | |
| HADs-depression | 8 (6–14) | 7 (2–12) | 9 (4–14) | 9 (3–19) | 0.494* | < 0.001* | |
| Nottingham Health Profile Part 1, median (min–max) | 37.06 (0–72.59) | 43.43 (10.49–150.95) | 78.39 (24–295.38) | 114.22 (12.91–406.64) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | |
| Physical mobility | 0 (0–21.99) | 0 (0–21.30) | 20.50 (0–52.37) | 0 (0–67.16) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | |
| Pain | 0 (0–33.77) | 21.21 (5.83–46.74) | 0 (0–8.96) | 33.09 (5.83–83.68) | 0.027* | < 0.001* | |
| Sleep | 0 (0–16.10) | 0 (0–100) | 12.57 (0–50.37) | 21.70 (0–100) | 0.002* | < 0.001* | |
| Energy | 0 (0–39.20) | 0 (0–63.20) | 24 (0–63.20) | 0 (0–100) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | |
| Social isolation | 0 (0–37.98) | 0 (0–61.50) | 0 (0–77.47) | 0 (0–100) | 0.012* | < 0.001* | |
| Emotional reactions | 10.47 (0–46.19) | 7.08 (0–43.51) | 16.21 (0–54.37) | 20.23 (0–64.38) | 0.716* | < 0.001* | |
| Nottingham Health Profile Part 2, median (min–max) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–3) | 2 (0–5) | 2 (0–6) | 0.026* | < 0.001* | |
| McGill Pain Questionnaire, median (min–max) | |||||||
| Sensory dimension | 9 (4–16) | 11 (4–18) | 0.022* | ||||
| Affective dimension | 2 (1–7) | 4 (1–9) | 0.006* | ||||
| Total breast pain score | 11 (5–22) | 14 (5–26) | 0.007* | ||||
| VAS-pain | 30 (10–60) | 50 (10–90) | < 0.001* | ||||
| PPI | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1–4) | < 0.001* | ||||
*Mann–Whitney U test; ¶Pearson’s chi-Square test; independent samples t test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistically significant differences are indicated in bold
BMI, body mass index; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; HADs, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; VAS, visual analog scale; PPI, present pain intensity
p°: significance between control and NCBP groups
p1: significance between good and poor sleepers in control group
p2: significance between good and poor sleepers in NCBP group