Table 2.

Impact evaluations of interventions disseminating information on TasP/U = U

Study	Intervention description	Comparison	Study design	Outcome measure	Result description
Kalichman et al. (2011)	Intensive behavioral intervention for PLHIV: Integrated risk reduction and adherence intervention, with information provided on HIV transmission and viral load. Intervention informed by conflict theory of decision making	Attention-placebo control: support group for individuals living with HIV/AIDS	436 participants randomized to treatment or control; followed up via monthly telephone-based pill counts and surveys at 3, 6, and 9 months	Medication adherence; condomless sex with HIV-negative partners; and self-reported STIs; beliefs about TasP	The intervention led to increased ART adherence, less condomless sex with HIV-negative partners, and fewer new reported bacterial STIs. The proportion of ART taken was approximately 10 percentage points higher in the intervention group relative to the control group over the follow-up period (p < 0.05)
Kalichman et al. (2018)	Mobile health behavioral intervention for PLHIV: One in person workshop and four phone sessions addressing TasP, ART adherence, access to care, sexual decisions, and other health topics. Informed by Social Cognitive Theory	Attention-placebo control: sessions focused on HIV-unrelated health goals and behaviors	500 participants randomized to treatment or control; biomarkers collected at 12 months; monthly pill counts and 3-monthly surveys	HIV viral load; genital tract inflamation; medication adherence; condomless sex with HIV-negative partners; self-reported STIs; TasP beliefs	Intervention group had lower viral load and greater ART adherence, with no increase in reported STIs or genital tract inflamation. Relative to controls, the intervention group had significantly lower 12-month viral load (5326 vs. 11,914 copies/μL, OR 0.56, p < 0.01)
Smith, et al. (2020)	Recruitment materials for HIV testing: Flyer and script recruiting men to HIV testing at local testing centers using language about U = U/TasP. Informed by behavioral economics theory on framing	Attention placebo control: flyer and script recruiting men to HIV testing at testing center, no U = U message	1048 men were invited for HIV testing over 12 days each at 5 mobile testing sites; 180 men tested and participated in a survey	Participation in same-day HIV testing	In the SOC group, 13% tested for HIV. In the U = U group, 22% tested for HIV. Men in the U = U group had greater odds of getting tested for HIV (aOR 1.58, 95%CI 0.98, 2.57), (p < 0.1)
Derksen et al. (2020)	Community health education meeting: provided information on both health and prevention benefits of ART and about transmission risks with and without ART. Informed by microeconomic model in which community knowledge of TasP reduces HIV stigma	Attention-placebo control: health education meeting giving information just on the health benefits of ART	122 villages stratified and randomly assigned to intervention vs. control	Uptake of HIV testing at local clinics; survey at 4-months after baseline (n = 1358)	In post-intervention survey, 19% of controls and 80% of intervention group chose ART as an HIV prevention method. The intervention reduced discriminatory beliefs and increased uptake of HIV testing by over one-third, from 0.56 to 0.76% per month at community level (p < 0.05)