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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Increased expression of fibulin-3 and fibulin-4 activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which in turn up-regulates Snail and Slug, and down-regulates E-cadherin, thus inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor progression.