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. 2021 Apr 8;41(6):1987–2005. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.121.316153

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© 2021 The Authors.

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 7. — Gab2 (Grb2-associated binder2)^−/− mice were resistant to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation. Gab2^−/− and WT (wild type) littermate control mice (Gab2^+/+) were administered with LPS (5 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. Six hours following LPS administration, blood was collected via submandibular vein puncture. TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha; A) and IL (interleukin)-6 (B) levels in plasma were measured by ELISA. C, The lung tissue sections were immunostained with neutrophil marker LY-6G. The sections were visualized under ×40 magnification. The number of LY-6G–positive cells were counted at 3 randomly chosen areas covering the entire sections of 6 different mice. Left, Representative images of tissue sections stained with LY-6G. Right, Count of LY-6G–stained cells/field. D–G, The lung tissue lysates were assayed for MCP-1 (D), TNFα (E), IL-6 (F), or IL-1β (G) using ELISA. H and I, Gab2^−/− and WT littermate control mice were administered with LPS (5 mg/kg b.w) i.p. After 16 h, 100 µL of 1% Evans blue dye was injected into the mice via intravenously. After 1 h, the mice were euthanized, perfused transcardially with saline. Lung and liver tissues were collected, and Evans blue dye associated with the lungs (H) and the liver (I) was measured as the index for vascular permeability. J and K, Gab2^−/− and WT littermate control mice (Gab2^+/+) were administered with LPS (5 mg/kg b.w) i.p. Twenty-four hours following LPS administration, blood was collected via submandibular vein puncture and lung tissues were harvested. Plasma thrombin-antithrombin levels were measured by ELISA (J). The lung tissue sections were immunostained for MPO (myeloperoxidase; green) and citrullinated-histone H3 (Cit-H3; magenta). DNA was stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue; K). The sections were visualized under ×63 magnification. Student t test was used to calculate statistical significant differences. ****P<0.0001, ***P<0.001, **P<0.01, *P<0.05. Con indicates control vehicle; and OD, optical density.