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. 2021 May 3;10(5):1094. doi: 10.3390/cells10051094

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Model for the import of peroxisomal matrix proteins. PTS1-containing cargos are synthesized in the cytoplasm and recognized by the receptor PEX5 (①). PEX5 interacts with the peroxisome-associated docking proteins PEX13 and PEX14 and transports the cargos to the matrix (②). After the release of the cargos (③), PEX5 is recycled back to the cytoplasm for the next round of import (④⑤⑥). Extraction of PEX5 from peroxisomes depends on the monoubiquitination of PEX5 at C11, which is catalyzed by the E3 ligase complex (PEX2, PEX10, and PEX12) (④). The AAA complex (PEX1-PEX6-PEX26) facilitates the extraction process (⑤).