Table 2.

Natural compounds and their antiviral targets against Herpesviruses.

Natural Source	Compound	Herpesvirus	Target	CC50	IC50	SI	Reference
Curcuma longa L	Curcumin Gallium-curcumin Cu-curcumin	Herpes simplex virus-1	Inhibits immediate-early gene expression	484.2 μg/mL 255.8 μg/mL 326.6 μg/mL	33.0 μg/mL 13.9 μg/mL 23.1 μg/mL	14.6 18.4 14.1	[25,26]
Houttuynia cordata	Quercetin	Herpes simplex virus-1 Herpes simplex virus-2	Blocks viral binding and suppresses NF-kB activation				[30]
Pistacia vera L	Polyphenols-rich exstract	Herpes simplex virus-1	Inhibits expression of HSV-1 viral proteins and viral DNA synthesis	1.2 mg/mL	0.4 mg/mL	3	[27]
Prunus dulcis	Polyphenols-rich exstract	Herpes simplex virus-1	Blocks viral binding	0.6 mg/mL			[31,32]
Aloe Vera	Polyphenols-rich exstract	Herpes simplex virus-1	Reduction of cytopathic effect (CPE)				[28]
Cephalotaxaceae	Homoharringtonine	Herpes simplex virus-1	Targets the cellular factor eIF4E		139 nM		[34]

CC₅₀: Half maximal cytotoxic concentration; IC₅₀: Half maximal inhibitory concentration; SI: Selectivity index = CC₅₀/IC₅₀.