Table 4.
Natural antiviral compounds against Adenoviruses.
| Natural Source | Compound | Adenoviruses | Target | CC50 (µg/mL) |
EC50-IC50 (µg/mL) | SI | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radix Lithospermi | Shikonin | AdV3 | Downregulation of capsid protein hexon expression | [54] | |||
| Plantago major L. | Caffeic acid | AdV-3 | Inhibition of post-adsorbiment processes |
14.2 | 727 | [55] | |
| Plantago major L. | p-coumaric acid | AdV-11 | 43.8 | 11.2 | |||
| Plantago major L. | Chlorogenic acid | AdV-3 AdV-8 AdV-11 |
76 108 13.3 |
52.6 36.9 301 |
|||
| Plantago major L. | Ferulic acid | AdV-8 AdV-11 |
52.5 23.3 |
1.8 4 |
|||
| Camellia sinensis Kuntze | Phenolic compounds | AdV-5 | 165.95 ± 12.7 | 6.62 ± 1.4 | 25.06 | [56] | |
| Punica granatum | n-butanol fraction | AdV-5 | 264.7 | 2.16 | 122.5 | [57] | |
| Punica granatum | Gallic acid | AdV-5 | 49.34 | 4.67 | 10.5 | ||
| Peucedanum salinum | Methanol extract | AdV-5 | [58] | ||||
| Peucedanum salinum | Methanol/H2O extract | AdV-5 | |||||
|
Caesalpinia
pulcherrima Swartz |
Quercetin | AdV-3 AdV-8 AdV-41 |
496.9 | 24.3 ± 4.9 39.9 ± 5.4 44.8 ± 9.4 |
20.4 12.5 11.1 |
[59] | |
| A. ascalonicum L. | Crude aqueous extract | AdV-41 AdV-3 |
2696.8 2696.8 |
733.9 1137.60 |
3.7 2.4 |
[60] | |
| A. sativum L. | Crude aqueous extract | AdV-41 AdV-3 |
2649.6 2649.6 |
3500 3500 |
|||
| A. fistulosum L. | Crude aqueous extract | AdV-41 AdV-3 |
>960 >960 |
>960 >960 |
|||
| Ocimum basilicum | Apigenin | AdV-3 AdV-8 ADV-11 |
59.9 | 11.1 ± 0.9 8 ± 0.8 20.9 ± 0.1 |
5.4 7.5 2.9 |
[61] | |
| Ocimum basilicum | Linalool | AdV-3 AdV-8 ADV-11 |
177.1 | 24.4 ± 0.4 26.4 ± 0.6 16.9 ± 0.3 |
7.3 6.7 10.5 |
||
| Ocimum basilicum | Ursolic acid | AdV-8 ADV-11 |
100.5 | 4.2 ± 0.3 24.5 ± 0.3 |
23.8 4.1 |
CC50: Half maximal cytotoxic concentration; EC50-IC50: Half maximal inhibitory concentration; SI: Selectivity index = CC50/IC50.