TABLE 1B.
Clinical and genetic findings in novel and previously published individuals with PIGT deficiency harboring the p.Asn527Ser or p.Val528Met variant in either homozygous or compound heterozygous state.
| Families | Family 11 | Family 11 | Family 12 | Family 13 | Family 14 | Family 15 | Family 16 | Family 17 | Family 18 | Family 19 | Family 20 | Family 21 |
| Patient 14 | Patient 15 | P1 (Jezela-Stanek et al., 2020) | P2 (Jezela-Stanek et al., 2020) | P3 (Jezela-Stanek et al., 2020) | P4 (Jezela-Stanek et al., 2020) | P5 (Jezela-Stanek et al., 2020) | P6 (Jezela-Stanek et al., 2020) | P7 (Jezela-Stanek et al., 2020) | P3 (Bayat et al., 2019) | P10 (Bayat et al., 2019) | Decipher ID 258094 (Pagnamenta et al., 2017) | |
| cDNA change (NM_015937.6) | c.1582G > A; c.1582G > A | c.1582G > A; c.1582G > A | c.1582G > A; c.1582G > A | c.1730dupC; c.1582G > A | c.1520G > A; c.1582G > A | c.494-2A > G; c.1582G > A | c.1582G > A; c.1582G > A | c.1096G > A; c.1582G > A | c.494-2A > G; c.1582G > A | c.494-2A, c.1582G > A; | c.1724_1725insC; c.1582G > A | c.1730dupC; c.1582G > A |
| Amino acid change (NP_057021.2) | p.Val528Met; p.Val528Met | p.Val528Met; p.Val528Met | p.Val528Met; p.Val528Met | p.Leu578fsTer 35; p.Val528Met | p.Ala507Gly; p.Val528Met | Splice site; p.Val528Met | p.Val528Met; p.Val528Met | p.Gly366TArg; p.Val528Met | Splice site; p.Val528Met | Splice site; p.Val528Met | p.Leu578fsTer35; p.Val528Met | p.Leu578fsTer35; Val528Met |
| Clinical significance | PATH; PATH | PATH; PATH | PATH; PATH | PATH; PATH | PATH; PATH | PATH; PATH | PATH; PATH | PATH; PATH | PATH; PATH | PATH; PATH | VUS;PATH | PATH; PATH |
| Heritage | Caucasian | Caucasian | Polish | Polish | Polish | Polish | Polish | Polish | Polish | Polish | Polish | Polish |
| Age at inclusion | 2 years | 7.5 years | Born 2019 | Born 2017 | Born 2017 | Born 2016 | Born 2011 | Born 2013 | Born 2003 | 5 years | 4 years | Unknown |
| Gender | Female | Female | Female | Male | Male | Male | Female | Male | Female | Female | Female | Female |
| Seizures | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Epilepsy diagnosis | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Age at seizure onset | 6 months | 20 months | 6 months | 12 months | 6 months | 9 months | 6 months | 11 months | 12 months | 12 months | 18 months | 12 months |
| Non-epileptic myoclonic jerks | Yes | No | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| Seizure types during disease course | Atypical absences (generalized) | Atypical absences | Fever-induced tonic–clonic seizures of unknown onset | Fever-induced focal seizures with impaired awareness | Focal hypomotor seizures with impaired awareness, FBTCS | Absences, myoclonic jerks, and bilateral tonic–clonic seizures | Focal hypomotor seizures with impaired awareness, FBTCS, and generalized myoclonic jerks | Focal hypomotor seizures with impaired awareness | Focal hypomotor seizures with impaired awareness | Fever-induced tonic–clonic seizures of unknown onset | Bilateral tonic–clonic seizures of unknown onset | Bilateral tonic–clonic seizures of unknown onset |
| Febrile seizures | No | Yes | Yes (only) | Yes (only) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (only) | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| Status epilepticus | No | No | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| Current AED | LEV | LEV | None | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| Lifetime AED | LEV | LEV | None | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| Overall antiepileptic drug response∗ | Very good | Very good | Not relevant | Very good | Very good | Poor (intractable myoclonic jerks) | Good | Very good | Very good | Good | Good | Good |
| Age at sitting | 1 year (with support) | 3 years | Unable | 25 months | 18 months | 30 months | 2.5 years | 2 years | 2.5 years | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| Age at walking | Unable | 6 years (a few steps) | Unable | Unknown but can walk assisted | Unable | Unable | Unable | Unable | 6 years (unassisted but short distances) | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown but can walk |
| Useful use of hands | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| Age at first words | Non-verbal | Non-verbal | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 23 months | 3.5 years | 4.5 years | 5 years | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| Present verbal ability | Unknown | Understands simple sentences. Uses a communication device with eye movement control for words | Unknown | Unknown | Single words, dysarthria | Single words | Communicates through simple sentences, dysarthria | Single words | Single words, dysarthria | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| Developmental delay | Severe | Severe | Unable to classify | Unable to classify | Unable to classify | Unable to classify | Unable to classify | Unable to classify | Unable to classify | Unable to classify | Unable to classify | Unable to classify |
| Autism | Unknown but has limited eye contact | No | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| Brain MRI results | Not performed | 2 years: cerebellar atrophy | 6 months: delayed myelination | 10 months: delayed myelination, slight enlargement of pericerebral spaces | 12 months: decreased white matter volume, enlargement of pericerebral spaces | 12 months: decreased cerebral white matter volume including CC; 16 months: cortical–subcortical atrophy | 8 months: delayed myelination and slight enlargement of pericerebral spaces; 3 years: cortical–subcortical and cerebellar vermis atrophy | Three times over 1 year: progressive cortical–subcortical atrophy, cerebellar vermis atrophy | 12 months: normal; 11 and 16 years: progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy | Unknown age: cerebellar atrophy | 4 years: progressive isolated cerebellar atrophy | Progressive isolated cerebellar atrophy |
*Overall antiepileptic drug response (very good = seizure-free; partially good = partially seizure- free on treatment; and poor = intractable seizures despite treatment). Abbreviations: AED, antiepileptic drug; CBD, cannabidiol; CBZ, carbamazepine; CC, corpus callosum; EEG, electroencephalogram; FBTCS, focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizure; LEV, levetiracetam; LMT, lamotrigine; MAE, myoclonic atonic epilepsy; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MS, myoclonic seizure; PATH, pathogenic; PHT, phenytoin; PIGT, phosphatidylinositol glycan class T protein; PMD, primidone; VPA, valproate; VUS, variant on unknown significance; TPM, topiramate.