| PRISMA | The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement |
| MeSH | Medical subject headings |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| CDC | Center for Disease Control |
| RCT | Randomized clinical trial |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| alum | Potassium aluminum sulfate |
| VLPs | Virus-like particles |
| ORs | Odds ratios |
| 6-HB | six-helical bundle |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| 95% CI | 95% confidence interval |
| GMT | Geometric mean titer |
| RBD | Receptor-binding domain |
| PLpro | Papain-like proteases |
| 3CLpro | Cysteine-like protease |
| NAb | Neutralizing antibody |
| Pro-subunit | Protein subunit |
| VLP | Virus-like particle |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| CFR | Case fatality ratio |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| messenger RNA | mRNA |
| S-protein | Spike protein |
| ACE2 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| nsp | Non-structural proteins |
| IM | Intramuscular |