Skip to main content
. 2021 May 6;9(5):467. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9050467

Table 1.

Characterization of included studies.

Study Trial Initiation Date Pub. Year Vaccine Name Company Study Type Vaccine Type Adjuvant Store Temp (°C) RCT Phase Dose (s) Age Range (Year) Injection Interval (Days) Concentration Trial Country Ref
Yang et al. 22 June and 3 July 2020 2020 ZF2001 Anhui Zhifei Longcom Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 3 22.9–54.7 30 25 μg * China [18]
Yang et al. 22 June and 3 July 2020 2020 ZF2001 Anhui Zhifei Longcom Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 3 20.9–49.4 30 50 μg * China [18]
Ella et al. 13 and 30 July 2020 2021 BBV152 (Covaxin) Bharat Biotech Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Inactivated Algel-IMDG 2–8 I 2 18–55 14 3 μg * India [19]
Ella et al. 13 and 30 July 2020 2021 BBV152 (Covaxin) Bharat Biotech Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Inactivated Algel-IMDG 2–8 I 2 18–55 14 6 μg * India [19]
Ella et al. 13 and 30 July 2020 2021 BBV152 (Covaxin) Bharat Biotech Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Inactivated Algel 2–8 I 2 18–55 14 6 μg* India [19]
Zhu et al. 16 and 27 March 2020 2020 Ad5-nCoV CanSino Non-randomized Adenovirus-based No adjuvant UN I 1 18–60 No 5 × 101⁰ VP * China [20]
Zhu et al. 16 and 27 March 2020 2020 Ad5-nCoV CanSino Non-randomized Adenovirus-based No adjuvant UN I 1 18–60 No 1 × 1011 VP * China [20]
Zhu et al. 16 and 27 March 2020 2020 Ad5-nCoV CanSino Non-randomized Adenovirus-based No adjuvant UN I 1 18–60 No 1.5 × 1011 VP * China [20]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit No adjuvant 2–8 I 2 20–50 21 3 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit AS03 2–8 I 2 24–53 21 3 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit AS03 2–8 I 2 55–70 21 3 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit CpG/Alum 2–8 I 2 20–53 21 3 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit CpG/Alum 2–8 I 2 55–71 21 3 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit No adjuvant 2–8 I 2 20–54 21 9 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit AS03 2–8 I 2 21–53 21 9 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit AS03 2–8 I 2 55–64 21 9 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit CpG/Alum 2–8 I 2 19–55 21 9 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit CpG/Alum 2–8 I 2 55–67 21 9 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit No adjuvant 2–8 I 2 18–49 21 30 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit AS03 2–8 I 2 19–47 21 30 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit AS03 2–8 I 2 55–63 21 30 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit CpG/Alum 2–8 I 2 21–50 21 30 μg * Australia [21]
Richmond et al. 19 June and 23 September 2020 2021 SCB-2019 Clover Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit CpG/Alum 2–8 I 2 55–74 21 30 μg * Australia [21]
Kremsner et al. June, 2020 2020 CVnCoV Curevac Randomized, partially blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant 5 I 2 18–60 28 2 μg * Germany [22]
Kremsner et al. June, 2020 2020 CVnCoV Curevac Randomized, partially blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant 5 I 2 19–59 28 4 μg * Germany [22]
Kremsner et al. June, 2020 2020 CVnCoV Curevac Randomized, partially blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant 5 I 2 20–59 28 6 μg * Germany [22]
Kremsner et al. June, 2020 2020 CVnCoV Curevac Randomized, partially blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant 5 I 2 20–59 28 8 μg * Germany [22]
Kremsner et al. June, 2020 2020 CVnCoV Curevac Randomized, partially blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant 5 I 2 19–59 28 12 μg * Germany [22]
Ward et al. July, 2020 2020 CoVLP Medicago Randomized, partially blind VLP No adjuvant 2–8 I 2 18–55 21 3.75 μg * Canada [23]
Ward et al. July, 2020 2020 CoVLP Medicago Randomized, partially blind VLP CpG 1018 2–8 I 2 18–55 21 3.75 μg * Canada [23]
Ward et al. July, 2020 2020 CoVLP Medicago Randomized, partially blind VLP AS03 2–8 I 2 18–55 21 3.75 μg * Canada [23]
Ward et al. July, 2020 2020 CoVLP Medicago Randomized, partially blind VLP No adjuvant 2–8 I 2 18–55 21 7.5 μg * Canada [23]
Ward et al. July, 2020 2020 CoVLP Medicago Randomized, partially blind VLP CpG 1018 2–8 I 2 18–55 21 7.5 μg * Canada [23]
Ward et al. July, 2020 2020 CoVLP Medicago Randomized, partially blind VLP AS03 2–8 I 2 18–55 21 7.5 μg * Canada [23]
Ward et al. July, 2020 2020 CoVLP Medicago Randomized, partially blind VLP No adjuvant 2–8 I 2 18–55 21 15 μg * Canada [23]
Ward et al. July, 2020 2020 CoVLP Medicago Randomized, partially blind VLP CpG 1018 2–8 I 2 18–55 21 15 μg * Canada [23]
Ward et al. July, 2020 2020 CoVLP Medicago Randomized, partially blind VLP AS03 2–8 I 2 18–55 21 15 μg Canada [23]
Jackson et al. 16 March and 14 April 2020 2020 mRNA-1273 Moderna Open-label mRNA-based No adjuvant −20 I 2 18–55 28 25 μg * United States [24]
Jackson et al. 16 March and 14 April 2020 2020 mRNA-1273 Moderna Open-label mRNA-based No adjuvant −20 I 2 18–55 28 100 mg * United States [24]
Jackson et al. 16 March and 14 April 2020 2020 mRNA-1273 Moderna Open-label mRNA-based No adjuvant −20 I 2 18–55 28 250 mg * United States [24]
Anderson et al. 16 April and 12 May 2020 2020 mRNA-1273 Moderna Open-label mRNA-based No adjuvant −20 I 2 56–70 28 25 mg * United States [25]
Anderson et al. 16 April and 12 May 2020 2020 mRNA-1273 Moderna Open-label mRNA-based No adjuvant −20 I 2 71≤ 28 25 mg * United States [25]
Anderson et al. 16 April and 12 May 2020 2020 mRNA-1273 Moderna Open-label mRNA-based No adjuvant −20 I 2 56–70 28 100 mg * United States [25]
Anderson et al. 16 April and 12 May 2020 2020 mRNA-1273 Moderna Open-label mRNA-based No adjuvant −20 I 2 71≤ 28 100 mg * United States [25]
Keech et al. 26 May and 6 June 2020 2020 NVX-CoV2373 Novavax Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit No adjuvant 2–8 I 2 18–59 21 25 μg/0.6 ml Australia, United States [26]
Keech et al. 26 May and 6 June 2020 2020 NVX-CoV2373 Novavax Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit Matrix-M1 2–8 I 2 18–59 21 5 μg/0.6 ml Australia, United States [26]
Keech et al. 26 May and 6 June 2020 2020 NVX-CoV2373 Novavax Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit Matrix-M1 2–8 I 2 18–59 21 25 μg/0.6 ml Australia, United States [26]
Keech et al. 26 May and 6 June 2020 2020 NVX-CoV2373 Novavax Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit Matrix-M1 2–8 I 1 18–59 21 25 μg/0.6 ml Australia, United States [26]
Sahin et al. 23 April and 22 May 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, single-blind mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 18–55 21 1 μg * Germany [27]
Sahin et al. 23 April and 22 May 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, single-blind mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 21.4–55.8 21 10 μg * Germany [27]
Sahin et al. 23 April and 22 May 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, single-blind mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 25.1–55 21 30 μg * Germany [27]
Sahin et al. 23 April and 22 May 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, single-blind mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 23.9–54 21 50 μg * Germany [27]
Sahin et al. 23 April and 22 May 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, single-blind mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 1 19.9–47.8 No 60 μg * Germany [27]
Walsh et al. 4 May and 22 June 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 20.9–53.2 21 10 μg * United States, Germany [28]
Walsh et al. 4 May and 22 June 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 18–55 21 10 μg * United States, Germany [28]
Walsh et al. 4 May and 22 June 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 65–85 21 20 μg * United States, Germany [28]
Walsh et al. 4 May and 22 June 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 18–55 21 20 μg * United States, Germany [28]
Walsh et al. 4 May and 22 June 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 65–85 21 30 μg * United States, Germany [28]
Walsh et al. 4 May and 22 June 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) 1 2 18–55 21 30 μg * United States, Germany [28]
Walsh et al. 4 May and 22 June 2020 2020 BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 65–85 21 10 μg * United States, Germany [28]
Walsh et al. 4 May and 22 June 2020 2020 BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 18–55 21 10 μg * United States, Germany [28]
Walsh et al. 4 May and 22 June 2020 2020 BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 65–85 21 20 μg * United States, Germany [28]
Walsh et al. 4 May and 22 June 2020 2020 BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 18–55 21 20 μg * United States, Germany [28]
Walsh et al. 4 May and 22 June 2020 2020 BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 65–85 21 30 μg * United States, Germany [28]
Walsh et al. 4 May and 22 June 2020 2020 BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I 2 18–55 21 30 μg * United States, Germany [28]
Xia et al. 12 April and 2 May 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 3 65–85 28 2.5 μg * China [29]
Xia et al. 12 April and 2 May 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 3 18–59 28 5 μg * China [29]
Xia et al. 12 April and 2 May 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 3 18–59 28 10 μg * China [29]
Xia et al. 29 April and 28 June 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 2 18–59 28 2 μg * China [30]
Xia et al. 29 April and 28 June 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 2 18–59 28 2 μg * China [30]
Xia et al. 29 April and 28 June 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 2 60 ≤ 28 4 μg * China [30]
Xia et al. 29 April and 28 June 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 2 18–59 28 4 μg * China [30]
Xia et al. 29 April and 28 June 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 2 60 ≤ 28 8 μg * China [30]
Xia et al. 29 April and 28 June 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 2 18–59 28 8 μg * China [30]
Zhang et al. 16 and 25 April 2020 2020 CoronaVac Sinovac Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 2 60≤ 14 3 μg * China [31]
Zhang et al. 16 and 25 April 2020 2020 CoronaVac Sinovac Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 2 18–59 28 3 μg * China [31]
Zhang et al. 16 and 25 April 2020 2020 CoronaVac Sinovac Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 2 18–59 14 6 μg * China [31]
Zhang et al. 16 and 25 April 2020 2020 CoronaVac Sinovac Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 I 2 18–59 28 6 μg * China [31]
Logunov et al. 18 June and 3 August 2020 2020 Sputnik V Gamaleya Non-randomized Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 I 1 18–59 No 1011 VP * Russia [32]
Logunov et al. 18 June and 3 August 2020 2020 Sputnik V Gamaleya Non-randomized Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 I 1 18–60 No 1011 * Russia [32]
Logunov et al. 18 June and 3 August 2020 2020 Sputnik V (Lyo) Gamaleya Non-randomized Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 I 1 18–60 No 1011 * Russia [32]
Logunov et al. 18 June and 3 August 2020 2020 Sputnik V (Lyo) Gamaleya Non-randomized Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 I 1 18–60 No 1011 * Russia [32]
Folegatti et al. 23 April and 21 May 2020 2020 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, participant-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 I/II 2 18–60 28 5 × 101⁰ VP * United Kingdom [33]
Mulligan et al. 4 May and 19 June 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I/II 2 18–55 21 10 μg * Multicenter 1 [34]
Mulligan et al. 4 May and 19 June,2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I/II 2 24–42 21 30 μg * Multicenter 1 [34]
Mulligan et al. 4 May and 19 June 2020 2020 BNT162b1 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) I/II 1 23–52 No 100 μg * Multicenter 1 [34]
Yang et al. 12 and 17 July 2020 2020 ZF2001 Anhui Zhifei Longcom Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 2 25–53 30 25 μg * China [18]
Yang et al. 12 and 17 July 2021 2020 ZF2001 Anhui Zhifei Longcom Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 2 18.8–58.4 30 50 μg * China [18]
Yang et al. 12 and 17 July 2022 2020 ZF2001 Anhui Zhifei Longcom Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 3 19.9–59.1 30 25 μg * China [18]
Yang et al. 12 and 17 July 2023 2020 ZF2001 Anhui Zhifei Longcom Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Pro-Subunit Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 3 20–59.7 30 50 μg * China [18]
Zhu et al. 11 and 16 April 2020 2020 Ad5-nCoV CanSino Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant UN II 1 19.3–59.6 No 1 × 1011 * China [35]
Zhu et al. 11 and 16 April 2020 2020 Ad5-nCoV CanSino Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant UN II 1 18≤ No 5 × 101⁰ * China [35]
Chu et al. 29 May and 8 July 2020 2020 mRNA-1273 Moderna Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant −20 II 2 18≤ 28 50 mg * United States [36]
Chu et al. 29 May and 8 July 2020 2020 mRNA-1273 Moderna Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant −20 II 2 18–54.99 28 50 mg * United States [36]
Chu et al. 29 May and 8 July 2020 2020 mRNA-1273 Moderna Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant −20 II 2 55≤ 28 100 mg * United States [36]
Chu et al. 29 May and 8 July 2020 2020 mRNA-1273 Moderna Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant −20 II 2 18–54.99 28 100 mg * United States [36]
Ramasamy et al. 30 May and 8 August 2020 2020 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, participant-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II 2 55≤ 28 2.2 × 101⁰ VP * United Kingdom [37]
Ramasamy et al. 30 May and 8 August 2020 2020 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, participant-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II 1 18–55 No 2.2 × 101⁰ VP * United Kingdom [37]
Ramasamy et al. 30 May and 8 August 2020 2020 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, participant-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II 2 56–69 28 2.2 × 101⁰ VP * United Kingdom [37]
Ramasamy et al. 30 May and 8 August 2020 2020 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, participant-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II 1 56–69 No 2.2 × 101⁰ VP * United Kingdom [37]
Ramasamy et al. 30 May and 8 August 2020 2020 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, participant-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II 2 70≤ 28 2.2 × 101⁰ VP * United Kingdom [37]
Ramasamy et al. 30 May and 8 August 2020 2020 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, participant-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II 2 70≤ 28 3.5–6.5 × 101⁰ VP * United Kingdom [37]
Ramasamy et al. 30 May and 8 August 2020 2020 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, participant-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II 1 18–55 No 3.5–6.5 × 101⁰ VP * United Kingdom [37]
Ramasamy et al. 30 May and 8 August 2020 2020 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, participant-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II 2 56–69 28 3.5–6.5 × 101⁰ VP * United Kingdom [37]
Ramasamy et al. 30 May and 8 August 2020 2020 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, participant-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II 1 56–69 No 3.5–6.5 ×101⁰ VP * United Kingdom [37]
Ramasamy et al. 30 May and 8 August 2020 2020 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, participant-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II 2 70≤ 28 3.5–6.5 × 101⁰ VP * United Kingdom [37]
Xia et al. 12 April and 2 May 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 3 70≤ 28 5 μg * China [29]
Xia et al. 12 April and 2 May 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 3 18–59 28 5 μg * China [29]
Xia et al. 18 May and 30 July 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 1 18–59 No 8 μg * China [30]
Xia et al. 18 May and 30 July 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 2 18–59 14 4 μg * China [30]
Xia et al. 18 May and 30 July 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 2 18–59 21 4 μg * China [30]
Xia et al. 18 May and 30 July 2020 2020 BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 2 18–59 28 4 μg * China [30]
Zhang et al. 3 and 5 May 2020 2020 CoronaVac Sinovac Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 2 18–59 14 3 μg * China [31]
Zhang et al. 3 and 5 May 2020 2020 CoronaVac Sinovac Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 2 18–59 28 3 μg * China [31]
Zhang et al. 3 and 5 May 2020 2020 CoronaVac Sinovac Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 2 18–59 14 6 μg * China [31]
Zhang et al. 3 and 5 May 2020 2020 CoronaVac Sinovac Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Inactivated Aluminum hydroxide 2–8 II 2 18–59 28 6 μg * China [31]
Logunov et al. 18 June and 3 August 2020 2020 Sputnik V Gamaleya Non-randomized Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II 2 18–59 21 1011 VP * Russia [32]
Logunov et al. 18 June and 3 August 2020 2020 Sputnik V (lyophilised) Gamaleya Non-randomized Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II 2 18–60 21 1011 VP * Russia [32]
Voysey et al. 23 April and 4 November 2020 2021 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II/III 2 18–60 28 2.2 × 101⁰ VP * (1st)/5 × 101⁰ VP * (2nd) United Kingdom [38]
Voysey et al. 23 April and 4 November 2020 2021 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 II/III 2 18≤ 28 5 × 101⁰ VP * United Kingdom [38]
Pollack et al. 27 July and 14 November 2020 2020 BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant (−60)–(−80) II/III 2 18≤ 21 30 μg/0.3 ml Multinational 1 [39]
Baden et al. 27 July and 23 October 2020 mRNA-1273 Moderna Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled mRNA-based No adjuvant −20 III 2 16–89 28 100 μg * United States [40]
Voysey et al. 23 April and 4 November 2020 2021 AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 III 2 18–95 28 5 × 101⁰ VP * Brazil [38]
Logunov et al. 7 September and 24 November 2020 2021 Sputnik V Gamaleya Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Adenovirus-based No adjuvant 2–8 III 2 18≤ 21 1011 VP * Russia [41]
Sadoff et al. 20 July 2020 2021 Ad26.COV2.S Johnson & Johnson Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Adenoviral vector No adjuvant UN I/II 2 18–55 No 5 × 1010 Belgium, US [42]
Sadoff et al. 20 July 2020 2021 Ad26.COV2.S Johnson & Johnson Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Adenoviral vector No adjuvant UN I/II 2 19–55 No 1 × 1011 Belgium, US [42]
Sadoff et al. November 2020 2021 Ad26.COV2.S Johnson & Johnson Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Adenoviral vector No adjuvant UN I/II 2 65–83 No 5 × 1010 Belgium, US [42]
Sadoff et al. November 2020 2021 Ad26.COV2.S Johnson & Johnson Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Adenoviral vector No adjuvant UN I/II 2 65–88 No 1 × 1011 Belgium, US [42]

1 From 152 sites worldwide (United States, 130 sites; Argentina, 1; Brazil, 2; South Africa, 4; Germany, 6; and Turkey, 9). UN = unavailable. VP = virus particle; Pro-Subunit = protein subunit; VLP = virus-like particle; Alum = aluminium; Adv= adenovirus; CpG = cytosine-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide; AS03= squalene-based immunologic adjuvant; Algel-IMDG (an imidazoquinoline molecule chemisorbed on alum [Algel]); RCT = randomized control trial. * per 0.5 m. Studies with different reports for the vaccine phase, the vaccine dose, injection concentration, different case, and control group numbers are considered as a separate dataset. More detailed information is provided in Table S3.