Table 5.
Side effects of COVID-19 vaccines based on different adjuvant types.
| Side Effect | Adjuvant Type | Phase | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Included Study | Heterogeneity Test, I-Squared | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systemic | Fatigue | Alum | 2/3 | 0.392 (0.18–0.82) | 7 | 0 |
| Matrix-M1 | 2/3 | 3.70 (1.36–10.02) | 3 | 24.81 | ||
| No adjuvant | 2/3 | 4.43 (2.62–7.49) | 6 | 54.08 | ||
| Vomiting | Alum | 2/3 | 0.325 (0.02–5.30) | 1 | 0 | |
| No adjuvant | 2/3 | 3.46 (1.45–8.26) | 7 | 0 | ||
| Fever | Alum | 2/3 | 0.85 (0.51–1.43) | 9 | 20.78 | |
| No adjuvant | 2/3 | 2.96 (1.22–7.17) | 2 | 68.19 | ||
| Myalgia | Alum | 2/3 | 1.43 (0.25–8.0) | 2 | 0 | |
| AS03 | 2/3 | 14.331 (3.39–60.56) | 3 | 0 | ||
| CpG/Alum | 2/3 | 2.42 (0.13–44.50) | 1 | 0 | ||
| Matrix-M1 | 2/3 | 1.57 (0.26–9.4) | 3 | 67.96 | ||
| No adjuvant | 2/3 | 9.66 (3.97–23.47) | 8 | 49.99 | ||
| Diarrhea | Alum | 2/3 | 0.608 (0.13–2.87) | 3 | 0 | |
| No adjuvant | 2/3 | 0.89 (0.40–1.97) | 6 | 50.47 | ||
| Local | Injection site pain | Alum | 2/3 | 2.40 (1.51–3.83) | 22 | 44.55 |
| No adjuvant | 2/3 | 25.61 (13.31–49.30) | 7 | 36.60 | ||
| Itch | Alum | 2/3 | 13.20 (3.23–53.90) | 7 | 40.58 | |
| Swelling | Alum | 2/3 | 3.83 (1.52–9.64) | 7 | 37.52 | |
| Redness | Alum | 2/3 | 7.29 (3.7–14.39) | 6 | 0 | |
| No adjuvant | 2/3 | 0.923 (0.23–3.6) | 2 | 0 | ||
Alum = aluminum, CpG = cytosine-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide, AS03 = squalene-based immunologic adjuvant.