Fig 3. Required bond graph template modules for the vessels in the ADAN open-loop model.

Depending on the type and location of a vessel, three template modules can be proposed: (A) initial segment; (B) intermediate segment; (C) terminal segment; (D) the schematic of the segments connections. S_f and {Se₁,Se₂} are sources of flow and pressure in bond graphs which are cardiac output and venous pressure in the ADAN open-loop model [25]. The components in green boxes are the added sections to the original bond graph configuration of Fig 2.