Table 1.
The main differences in imaging features between AH and cardiomyopathies in CMR and CCT.
| AH | HCM | DCM | LVNC Cardiomyopathy | ARVD | LDAC | IC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morphological evaluation | |||||||
| Wall thickness |
<15 mm; Symmetric |
>15 mm; Asymmetric |
- | - | - | - | Mild increased |
| Volume | Increased (LV-RV) | - | Increased (LV-RV) | Increased (LV) | Increased (RV) | Mild increased (LV) | Atrial dilation |
| Trabeculation | Increased | Increased | Increased | NC/C > 2.3 in two cardiac segments | - | - | - |
| Functional evaluation | Normal systolic and diastolic function | Diastolic dysfunction | Systolic dysfunction |
LV systolic dysfunction | RV systolic dysfunction | Mild LV systolic dysfunction | Diastolic dys-function |
| Strains and strain rate | Normal | - | - | Reduced | Reduced | - | Reduced |
| Mapping | Reduced (T1-T2) | Increased (T1) | Increased (T1-T2) | Increased (T1) | - | - | Increased (T1) |
| ECV | Reduced | Increased | Increased | - | - | - | Increased |
| LGE/LIE | |||||||
| Type | Linear | Patchy or massive | Linear | Linear | Linear | Linear | Linear or parchy |
| Layer | Mesocardial | Mesocardial | Mesocardial | Mesocardial | Subepicardial Mesocardial | Subepicardial | Subendocardial Mesocardial |
| Site | Interventricular juctions | Hypertrophic area; interventricular junctions |
Septum; infero-lateral LV wall |
Variable, not associated with NC area | Anterior RV wall | Infero-lateral LV wall | Circumferential; septum; lateral LV wall |
Abbreviations–AH: athlete’s heart; HCM: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy; LVNC: left-ventricular non-compaction; ARVD: arrhythmogenic right ventricular dilation; LDAC: left-dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy; LV: left ventricle; RV: right ventricle; NC: non-compacted; C: compacted; EF: ejection fraction; ECV: extracellular volume; LGE: late gadolinium enhancement; LIE: late iodine enhancement.