AACE	American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
ADMA	asymmetric dimethylarginine
ASMBS	American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery
BMI	body mass index
BPD	biliopancreatic diversion
BS	bariatric surgery
Cp	ceruloplasmin
CTGF	connective tissue growth factor
Cu	copper
DVT	deep venous thrombosis
GATOR	GAP activity towards rags complex
IGF-1	insulin growth factor
IL	interleukin
INR	international normalized ratio
LAGB	laparoscopic adjustable gastric band
LMWH	low-molecular-weight heparin
LSG	laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
MMA	methylmalonic acid
MRSA	methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
BCAA	branched chain amino acids
mTORC	mammalian target of rapamycin complex
MWL	massive weight loss
NOS	nitric oxide
PE	pulmonary embolism
PEM	protein–energy malnutrition
Rheb	Ras homolog enriched in brain
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RYGB	Roux-en-y gastric bypass
SCFA	short chain fatty acids
SDMA	symmetric dimethylarginine
SOD	superoxide dismutase
TOS	The Obesity Society
UV	ultraviolet
Zn	zinc