Table 4.
Mean values ± standard deviations of the xw (g/100 g sample), pH and color parameters (L*, a* and b*) of the formulated gels.
| Sample | C | xw | pH | L* | a* | b* | ∆E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FCH | 4 | 96.35 ± 0.04 a,b,A | 6.44 ± 0.02 a,C,D | 26.0 ± 0.2 k,C | 2.51 ± 0.09 d,D | 9.5 ± 0.7 d,E | |
| 5 | 95.48 ± 0.03 d,B | 6.38 ± 0.13 b,c,E,F | 27.3 ± 0.3 h,i,j,B | 3.07 ± 0.06 c,C | 11.2 ± 0.4 b,C,D | ||
| 6 | 95.37 ± 0.04 d,B | 6.41 ± 0.05 b,D,E | 29.4 ± 0.5 g,A | 3.58 ± 0.14 a,A | 12.0 ± 0.6 a,B,C | ||
| 7 | 93.52 ± 1.06 f,C | 6.4 ± 0.2 c,F | 29.0 ± 0.5 g,A | 3.19 ± 0.13 b,C | 11.12 ± 0.12 b,C,D | ||
| 65FCH | 4 | 96.21 ± 0.09 y,x,A | 6.56 ± 0.02 z,A | 26.6 ± 0.4 r,B,C | 2.66 ± 0.12 w,D | 10.7 ± 0.6 y,D | 1.4 (0.7) e,f,g,h |
| 5 | 95.519 ± 0.116 v,u,B | 6.50 ± 0.19 y,B | 28.8 ± 1.5 s,A | 3.7 ± 0.4 z,A | 13.1100 ± 1.0012 z,A | 1.7 (0.9) d,e,f,g | |
| 6 | 94.94 ± 0.16 s,r,q,B | 6.452 ± 0.009 x,C | 29.2 ± 0.6 t,s,A | 3.51 ± 0.19 y,A,B | 12.8 ± 0.8 z,A,B | 1.3 (0.2) e,f,g,h,i | |
| 7 | 95.26 ± 0.06 u,t,s,B | 6.4 ± 0.3 x,C,D | 29.1 ± 0.5 t,s,A | 3.25 ± 0.19 x,B,C | 11.2 ± 0.9 y,C,D | 1.0 (0.4) f,g,h,i,j | |
| FPE | 4 | 96.7 ± 0.3 a,A | 5.88 ± 0.03 g,A | 33.2 ± 0.6 e,D | 0.10 ± 0.03 l,D | 2.1 ± 0.3 m,C | |
| 5 | 96.1 ± 0.3 b,c,B | 5.76 ± 0.13 h,B | 39.1 ± 0.3 c,B | 0.14 ± 0.03 l,D | 3.186 ± 0.113 j,k,A | ||
| 6 | 95.57 ± 0.07 d,C | 5.64 ± 0.06 i,C | 35.5 ± 1.9 d,C | 0.11 ± 0.04 l,D | 2.6 ± 0.5 l,B | ||
| 7 | 94.4 ± 0.5 e,D | 5.482 ± 0.108 j,D | 41.31 ± 1.05 a,b,A | 0.16 ± 0.05 l,C | 3.4 ± 0.2 j,A | ||
| 65FPE | 4 | 96.77 ± 0.13 z,A | 5.85 ± 0.04 s,A | 33.1 ± 1.7 v,D | −0.060 ± 0.012 p,o,B,C | 0.65 ± 0.08 n,D | 2.1 (0.5) b,c,d,e |
| 5 | 96.3845 ± 0.1103 z,y,A,B | 5.61 ± 0.09 p,C | 34.6 ± 0.7 w,v,C,D | −0.052 ± 0.009 p,o,A,B | 0.74 ± 0.04 n,D | 5.5 (0.4) a | |
| 6 | 96.0 ± 0.4 x,w,B,C | 5.49 ± 0.06 o,D | 30.7± 1.3 u,E | −0.08 ± 0.03 o,B | 0.63 ± 0.08 n,D | 6.5 (0.4) a | |
| 7 | 94.686 ± 0.112 q,p,o,D | 5.448 ± 0.118 n,D | 39 ± 2 y,x,B | 0.05 ± 0.03 q,p,o,A | 2.3 ± 0.4 p,B,C | 3.7 (0.7) b,c | |
| FP | 4 | 96.3 ± 0.2 a,b,A | 5.04 ± 0.05 k,A | 28.12 ± 1.18 h,E | 0.514 ± 0.102 j,C | 4.4 ± 0.4 i,D | |
| 5 | 95.39 ± 0.14 d,B | 4.944 ± 0.018 l,C | 33.9 ± 0.9 e,D | 0.912 ± 0.109 f,A,B | 7.6 ± 0.2 f,B | ||
| 6 | 94.9 ± 0.4 e,B,C | 4.91 ± 0.03 l,D | 38.35 ± 1.08 c,C | 0.87 ± 0.12 f,g,h,A,B | 7.9 ± 0.6 f,A,B | ||
| 7 | 94.6 ± 0.3 e,C | 4.9 ± 0.9 m,E | 41.6 ± 0.6 a,A | 1.08 ± 0.16 e,A | 8.7 ± 0.7 e,A | ||
| 65FP | 4 | 96.5 ± 0.8 z,y,A | 5.00 ± 0.03 m,B | 30.25 ± 1.06 u,t,E | 0.6 ± 0.3 t,s,C | 6.0 ± 0.9 t,C | 2.9 (0.5) b |
| 5 | 95.36 ± 0.09 v,u,t,B | 4.930 ± 0.014 l,C,D | 33 ± 2 v,D | 0.5 ± 0.2 s,C | 6.1 ± 0.6 t,C | 1.6 (0.6) c,d,e,f | |
| 6 | 94.86 ± 0.15 r,q,p,B,C | 4.882 ± 0.013 k,E | 38 ± 2 x,C | 0.7 ± 0.2 u,t,s,B,C | 7.6 ± 0.9 v,u,B | 1.3 (0.9) e,f,g,h,i | |
| 7 | 94.2 ± 0.6 n,m,C | 4.9 ± 0.9 j,E | 39.5 ± 1.6 y,B | 0.7 ± 0.2 v,u,t,B,C | 8.1 ± 0.9 v,A,B | 2.8 (0.9) b | |
| FC | 4 | 96.40 ± 0.06 a,b,A | 4.26 ± 0.02 n,A | 35.31 ± 0.13 d,G | −0.12 ± 0.06 m,F | 7.49 ± 0.16 f,G | |
| 5 | 95.52 ± 0.04 d,B | 4.184 ± 0.009 o,D | 38.85 ± 0.12 c,E | 0.32 ± 0.03 k,D | 9.62 ± 0.19 d,E | ||
| 6 | 94.50 ± 0.05 e,D | 4.180 ± 0.009 o,D | 40.5 ± 0.2 b,C | 0.41 ± 0.07 j,k,C | 10.7 ± 0.3 c,C | ||
| 7 | 93.80 ± 0.03 f,E | 4.14 ± 1.04 p,E | 42.1 ± 0.4 a,A | 0.79 ± 0.07 h,A | 12.09 ± 0.19 a,A | ||
| 65FC | 4 | 96.32 ± 0.17 y,x,A | 4.226 ± 0.015 i,B | 35.2 ± 0.3 w,G | −0.06 ± 0.02 p,o,F | 7.20 ± 0.14 u,H | 0.43 (0.15) i,j |
| 5 | 95.09 ± 0.06 t,s,r,C | 4.200 ± 0.002 i,h,C | 38.2 ± 0.4 y,x,F | 0.1940 ± 0.1108 r,q,E | 9.0380 ± 0.1114 w,F | 0.9 (0.4) g,h,i,j | |
| 6 | 94.50 ± 0.03 p,o,n,D | 4.180 ± 0.007 h,g,D | 39.4 ± 0.4 y,D | 0.54 ± 0.03 s,B | 9.9 ± 0.4 x,D | 1.4 (0.5) e,f,g,h | |
| 7 | 93.72 ± 0.03 l,E | 4.15 ± 1.05 g,E | 41.06 ± 0.13 z,B | 0.74 ± 0.06 v,u,t,A | 11.28 ± 0.09 y,B | 1.3 (0.4) e,f,g,h,i | |
| FBPC | 4 | 96.50 ± 0.08 a,b,A | 6.09 ± 0.06 d,A | 17.0 ± 0.2 n,G | −0.21 ± 0.03 n,D | 0.43 ± 0.08 n,G | |
| 5 | 95.63 ± 0.03 c,d,B | 5.98 ± 0.02 e,C | 20.3 ± 0.4 m,F | −0.118 ± 0.009 m,n,C | 0.77 ± 0.12 n,F | ||
| 6 | 94.68 ± 0.03 e,D | 5.99 ± 0.07 e,C | 26.7 ± 0.5 j,k,B | 0.10 ± 0.05 l,B | 2.78 ± 0.13 k,l,C | ||
| 7 | 93.72 ± 0.05 f,F | 5.9 ± 0.5 g,D | 28.0 ± 0.4 h,i,A | 0.19 ± 0.03 l,A | 3.43 ± 0.15 j,A | ||
| 65FBPC | 4 | 96.44 ± 0.06 z,y,A | 6.05 ± 0.05 w,B | 21.51 ± 1.18 o,E | −0.11 ± 0.04 o,C | 1.6 ± 0.4 o,E | 5.6 (0.3) a |
| 5 | 95.46 ± 0.09 v,u,t,C | 5.97 ± 0.02 v,C | 23.0 ± 0.7 p,D | −0.08 ± 0.07 p,o,C | 2.2 ± 0.3 p,o,D | 3.1 (0.8) b | |
| 6 | 94.47 ± 0.05 o,n,E | 5.97 ± 0.06 v,C | 25.3 ± 0.2 q,C | 0.06 ± 0.02 q,p,o,B | 3.14 ± 0.18 q,B | 1.5 (0.6) d,e,f,g | |
| 7 | 93.78 ± 0.16 l,F | 5.9 ± 0.5 u,D | 28.1 ± 0.3 s,A | 0.1060 ± 0.0114 q,p,B | 3.53 ± 0.13 q,A | 0.4 (0.3) j | |
| FPESB | 4 | 96.15 ± 0.06 b,A | 5.93 ± 0.02 f,A | 22.1 ± 0.8 l,E | 0.45 ± 0.04 j,E | 3.23 ± 0.08 j,D | |
| 5 | 95.51 ± 0.09 d,C | 5.76 ± 0.02 h,C | 27.2 ± 0.4 i,j,D | 0.67 ± 0.07 i,C | 4.6 ± 0.3 h,i,C | ||
| 6 | 94.77 ± 0.13 e,D | 5.67 ± 0.02 i,E | 29.2 ± 0.5 g,C | 0.81 ± 0.09 g,h,B | 5.0 ± 0.3 g,h,B | ||
| 7 | 93.93 ± 0.06 f,E | 5.65 ± 0.02 i,E | 30.6 ± 0.2 f,B | 0.89 ± 0.03 f,g,A | 5.2 ± 0.3 g,B | ||
| 65FPESB | 4 | 96.23 ± 0.09 y,x,A | 5.93 ± 0.03 v,A | 20.2 ± 0.7 o,F | 0.33 ± 0.05 r,F | 2.5 ± 0.3 p,E | 2.5 (0.9) b,c,d |
| 5 | 95.69 ± 0.07 w,v,B | 5.85 ± 0.04 u,t,B | 26.7 ± 0.4 r,D | 0.60 ± 0.03 t,s,D | 4.28 ± 0.07 r,C | 0.4 (0.2) i,j | |
| 6 | 94.63 ± 0.09 q,p,o,n,D | 5.77 ± 0.02 r,C | 29.1 ± 0.4 t,s,C | 0.81 ± 0.05 v,u,B | 5.0 ± 0.2 s,B | 0.71 (0.15) h,i,j | |
| 7 | 93.95 ± 0.16 m,l,E | 5.72 ± 0.02 q,D | 31.6 ± 0.5 u,A | 0.88 ± 0.06 v,A | 5.8 ± 0.2 t,A | 1.3 (0.3) e,f,g,h,i |
For the samples with the same conditions, the same lowercase letter in superscript in columns indicates the homogeneous groups established by ANOVA (p < 0.05) (a–n for unheated, z–o for heated samples). To compare the same sample with the temperature effect, the same capital superscript letter in columns indicates the homogeneous groups established by ANOVA (p < 0.05). ∆E indicates color differences associated with the heat treatment. C: Concentration (%).