Table 1.
Characteristics of TRACK-TBI Pilot Study Participants Aged 18 and Older Who Survived to 6 Months Without Missing Exposure or Outcome Information, by Insomnia Status at 3 Months, N=305.
| Total Sample, n=305 |
No insomnia, n=201 |
Insomnia, n=104 |
p-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 42.7 (17.7) | 43.1 (18.4) | 42.1 (16.1) | 0.64 |
| Sex, n(%) | ||||
| Female | 90 (29.5) | 58 (28.9) | 32 (30.8) | 0.73 |
| Male | 215 (70.5) | 143 (71.1) | 72 (69.2) | |
| Race, n(%) | 0.31 | |||
| White | 241(82.5) | 164 (85.4) | 77 (77.0) | |
| Black | 25(8.6) | 13 (6.8) | 12 (12.0) | |
| Asian | 13(4.5) | 8 (4.2) | 5 (5.0) | |
| AI/AN/Hawaiian/Pacific | 13(4.4) | 7 (3.7) | 6 (6.0) | |
| Hispanic, n(%) | 39(12.8) | 20 (10.0) | 19 (18.3) | 0.04 |
| Education, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| Less than HS | 16(5.5) | 4 (2.1) | 12 (11.9) | |
| High School | 148(50.5) | 90 (46.9) | 58 (57.4) | |
| Some College/Graduate | 93(31.7) | 71 (37.0) | 22 (21.8) | |
| Post Graduate | 36(12.3) | 27 (14.1) | 9 (8.9) | |
| Employment Status, n(%) | 0.43 | |||
| Full time | 130(44.1) | 90 (46.6) | 40 (39.2) | |
| Part time | 43(14.6) | 28 (14.5) | 15 (14.7) | |
| Unemployed | 122(41.4) | 75 (38.9) | 47 (46.1) | |
| Married, n(%) | 103(34.3) | 74 (37.8) | 29 (27.9) | 0.09 |
| Study Site, n(%) | 0.44 | |||
| UCSF | 196(64.3) | 126 (62.7) | 70 (67.3) | |
| UMC Brackenridge | 20(6.6) | 12 (6.0) | 8 (7.7) | |
| University of Pittsburgh | 89(29.2) | 63 (31.3) | 26 (25.0) | |
| Arrival GCS categories, n(%) | 0.23 | |||
| 13-15 | 271(88.9) | 183 (91.0) | 88 (84.6) | |
| 9-12 | 14(4.6) | 7 (3.5) | 7 (6.7) | |
| 3-8 | 20(6.6) | 11 (5.5) | 9 (8.7) | |
| Medical History, n(%) | ||||
| Anxiety | 47(15.4) | 21 (10.5) | 26 (25.0) | 0.001 |
| Depression | 76(24.9) | 40 (19.9) | 36 (34.6) | 0.01 |
| Sleep Disorder | 26(8.5) | 14 (7.0) | 12 (11.5) | 0.18 |
| Alcohol and/or Drug Use | 177(58.0) | 113 (56.2) | 64 (61.5) | 0.37 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 95(32.2) | 65 (32.3) | 30 (28.8) | 0.53 |
| Renal Disease | 26(8.5) | 18 (9.0) | 8 (7.7) | 0.71 |
| Diabetes | 21(6.9) | 15 (7.5) | 6 (5.8) | 0.58 |
| Seizures | 33(10.8) | 18 (9.0) | 15 (14.4) | 0.14 |
| Prior TBI | 65(21.3) | 32 (15.9) | 33 (31.7) | 0.001 |
| Pulmonary Disease | 68(22.3) | 48 (23.9) | 20 (19.2) | 0.36 |
| Sadness at 3 months, n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 63(20.7) | 23 (11.5) | 40 (38.5) | |
| No | 241 (79.3) | 177 (88.5) | 64 (61.5) | |
| Hypersomnia at 6 months, n(%) | 149 (48.9) | 85 (42.3) | 64 (61.5) | 0.001 |
| Insomnia at 6 months, n(%) | 142 (42.6) | 52 (25.9) | 90 (86.5) | <0.001 |
| BSI2 Depression at 6 months, mean (SD) | 4.4 (5.1) | 3.2 (3.9) | 6.5 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| BSI2 Depression at 6 months, median (interquartile range) | 3 (0, 7) | 2 (0, 5) | 5 (1, 10) | <0.001 |
1
P-value reflects significance test between insomnia and no insomnia, using Chi Square Goodness of Fit, Student’s t-test, or Wilcoxon rank sum.
2
BSI – Brief Symptom Inventory