Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variable | Low ejection fraction low cardiac index (n = 15) | Low ejection fraction high cardiac index (n = 8) | High ejection fraction low cardiac index (n = 55) | High ejection fraction high cardiac index (n = 73) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 72.0 (12.1) | 71.1 (7.8) | 66.9 (11.8) | 65.3 (13.4) | 0.203 |
| Male | 11 (73%) | 6 (75%) | 30 (55%) | 37 (51%) | 0.276 |
| Body Mass index (kg/m2) | 31.6 (8.7) | 27.4 (5.5) | 31.8 (6.5) | 30.7 (7.1) | 0.376 |
| History of Heart Failure | 4 (27%) | 1 (13%) | 1 (2%) | 5 (7%) | 0.011 |
| History of Hypertension | 12 (80%) | 6 (75%) | 35 (64%) | 49 (67%) | 0.647 |
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy | 5 (33%) | 3 (38%) | 17 (31%) | 28 (38%) | 0.848 |
| History of Coronary Artery Disease | 7 (47%) | 4 (50%) | 12 (22%) | 14 (19%) | 0.043 |
| Prior PCI | 4 (27%) | 2 (25%) | 4 (7%) | 7 (10%) | 0.104 |
| Prior CABG | 4 (27%) | 1 (13%) | 3 (5%) | 3 (4%) | 0.018 |
| History of CKD | 3 (20%) | 2 (25%) | 2 (4%) | 7 (10%) | 0.090 |
| Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.87 (2.48) | 3.05 (3.72) | 2.71 (8.17) | 1.70 (2.04) | 0.672 |
| History of Chronic Lung Disease | 3 (20%) | 1 (13%) | 6 (11%) | 8 (11%) | 0.788 |
| Current Smoker | 1 (7%) | 1 (13%) | 3 (5%) | 3 (4%) | 0.779 |
| History of Diabetes Mellitus | 10 (67%) | 5 (63%) | 19 (35%) | 25 (34%) | 0.049 |
| Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score | 8.4 (2.30) | 7.9 (3.2) | 7.5 (2.3) | 7.4 (2.0) | 0.453 |
| Mechanical Ventilation | 14 (93%) | 3 (38%) | 46 (84%) | 46 (63%) | 0.002 |
| Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure (mmHg) | 35 (17) | 27 (0) | 37 (14) | 38 (15) | 0.428 |
| Serum Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.86 (0.72) | 3.92 (5.11) | 1.72 (0.91) | 1.73 (0.79) | 0.004 |
| Vasopressor Support | 10 (67%) | 3 (38%) | 32 (49%) | 32 (45%) | 0.199 |
| Inotropic Support | 2 (13%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2%) | 0.081 |
Patients were characterized by EF and cardiac index and divided into groups with low preserved EF using a cutoff of ≤45% and low or normal CI using a cutoff of ≤2.2 L/min/m2 for low CI. Values are mean (standard deviation) or n (%)
Abbreviations: CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD = chronic kidney disease; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.