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IL-1β activates the p38 MAPK pathway to mediate its effects in wound healing. (a) Activation of p38 MAPK, PI3K, and AKT was measured upon IL-1β treatment. (b) p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (10 μM) was used to treat nFB. Protein levels of MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, and TIMP2 were measured. (c) p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (10 μM) was used to treat nFB. Cell proliferation of fibroblasts was detected. (d) p-p38 MAPK staining in diabetic and nondiabetic wounds.
