Table 3.

Percentage point change in the proportion of women in need of contraception and the proportion of women using contraception among those in need before and during COVID-19

		Burkina Faso				Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo		Kenya				Lagos, Nigeria
		Urban		Rural		Urban		Urban		Rural		Urban
		Change	95% CI	Change	95% CI	Change	95% CI	Change	95% CI	Change	95% CI	Change	95% CI
Total sample
In need		0·34	−3·64 to 4·32	1·27	−4·43 to 6·98	2·67	−3·85 to 9·18	3·48	−0·76 to 7·72	0·06	−2·74 to 2·87	5·81	1·29 to 10·34
Contraceptive use		2·79	−2·11 to 7·69	17·37	7·87 to 26·87	0·20	−8·03 to 7·63	5·24	1·21 to 9·27	7·35	5·10 to 9·59	−0·95	−8·33 to 6·43
Age
Youngest (<25 years)
	In need	6·05	−1·50 to 13·61	6·69	−8·48 to 21·87	14·02	−7·28 to 35·33	5·05	−4·15 to 14·25	6·62	−7·60 to 20·83	23·58	3·13 to 50·29
	Contraceptive use	6·14	−4·71 to 16·99	19·94	4·63 to 35·25	3·60	−21·36 to 28·57	3·90	−5·50 to 13·30	7·06	−0·46 to 13·67	−24·35	−56·54 to 7·85
Middle (25–34 years)
	In need	0·12	−5·02 to 5·26	−4·60	−13·76 to 4·55	0·32	−8·82 to 9·46	2·91	−2·61 to 8·43	0·99	−2·85 to 4·83	9·95	1·56 to 18·34
	Contraceptive use	−1·32	−7·75 to 5·10	18·54	5·84 to 31·23	−4·61	−14·71 to 5·49	3·74	−1·38 to 8·86	4·73	−0·41 to 9·87	−2·36	−13·77 to 9·05
Oldest (≥35 years)
	In need	−2·49	−8·69 to 3·70	4·28	−5·23 to 13·79	2·64	−6·30 to 11·59	3·47	−2·86 to 9·81	−3·48	−7·35 to 0·39	2·13	−3·82 to 8·08
	Contraceptive use	5·96	−2·55 to 14·47	15·05	1·58 to 28·52	3·24	−7·88 to 14·35	7·96	1·10 to 14·81	9·50	3·35 to 15·65	0·88	−9·18 to 10·94
Parity
Nulliparous (parity=0)
	In need	23·34	13·55 to 33·13	38·88	21·59 to 56·18	28·84	8·33 to 49·35	35·27	16·42 to 54·12	35·07	18·89 to 51·24	26·19	10·17 to 42·21
	Contraceptive use	26·30	1·26 to 51·35	−3·59	−63·85 to 56·67	−25·21	−77·13 to 26·70	2·09	−25·01 to 29·18	45·33	17·95 to 72·70	..	..
Low parity (1–2 children)
	In need	−0·51	−6·34 to 5·31	1·56	−11·02 to 14·14	1·48	−8·13 to 11·09	0·80	−4·52 to 6·12	2·46	−2·61 to 7·53	6·82	−2·98 to 16·61
	Contraceptive use	2·01	−4·86 to 8·89	18·99	3·73 to 34·24	0·60	−11·96 to 13·17	5·38	−0·09 to 10·84	6·24	0·80 to 11·68	−2·08	−13·81 to 9·65
Higher parity (≥3 children)
	In need	−2·54	−7·58 to 2·50	−1·49	−8·14 to 5·17	0·11	−8·20 to 8·42	1·90	−3·57 to 7·38	−2·70	−5·52 to 0·11	3·21	−1·23 to 7·65
	Contraceptive use	4·49	−1·88 to 10·86	18·00	7·80 to 28·21	1·96	−7·50 to 11·43	6·71	0·74 to 12·68	7·53	3·07 to 11·99	0·49	−9·22 to 10·21
Education
Lower education (less than secondary)
	In need	−1·72	−6·80 to 3·35	1·26	−4·75 to 7·28	12·60	−11·35 to 36·54	1·79	−4·36 to 7·93	−1·84	−5·21 to 1·54	3·84	−9·55 to 17·23
	Contraceptive use	2·18	−4·13 to 8·49	17·83	7·98 to 27·69	−8·12	−32·17 to 15·94	5·89	−0·04 to 11·74	7·30	2·48 to 12·12	7·44	−13·63 to 28·51
Higher education (secondary or more)
	In need	3·99	−1·76 to 9·74	1·39	−15·37 to 18·15	1·46	−4·85 to 7·77	4·67	−0·52 to 9·86	3·53	−0·59 to 7·66	6·17	1·27 to 11·07
	Contraceptive use	3·60	−2·39 to 9·59	9·16	−16·51 to 34·84	1·05	−7·22 to 9·33	4·74	−0·48 to 9·96	7·26	2·48 to 12·04	−2·69	−10·10 to 4·72
Wealth
Lowest tertile
	In need	17·19	−14·63 to 49·02	2·89	−6·88 to 12·65	−3·74	−15·78 to 8·30	2·86	−14·60 to 20·33	−1·70	−5·72 to 2·32	3·95	−4·74 to 12·63
	Contraceptive use	2·51	−26·33 to 31·36	22·16	7·66 to 36·66	−4·04	−20·26 to 12·18	10·98	−1·40 to 23·35	9·04	3·48 to 14·60	−2·89	−15·91 to 10·14
Middle tertile
	In need	−1·57	−17·20 to 14·06	−1·53	−10·30 to 7·23	12·20	0·32 to 24·73	2·14	−5·28 to 9·56	0·92	−2·71 to 4·55	6·98	−2·02 to 15·98
	Contraceptive use	1·41	−17·75 to 20·57	13·94	0·54 to 27·35	4·12	−8·20 to 16·43	6·51	0·01 to 13·02	5·88	1·09 to 10·67	0·56	−12·51 to 13·64
Highest tertile
	In need	−0·03	−3·97 to 3·90	5·51	−6·11 to 17·14	0·16	−7·59 to 7·90	4·14	−0·69 to 8·97	3·99	−2·51 to 10·49	6·40	−1·30 to 14·09
	Contraceptive use	2·88	−2·19 to 7·96	12·09	−7·85 to 32·02	−0·45	−12·83 to 11·93	3·74	−5·90 to 13·37	4·88	−2·06 to 11·83	−0·58	−11·12 to 9·95
Economic loss related to COVID-19
None
	In need	2·68	−6·42 to 11·79	1·11	−9·54 to 11·77	−9·28	−29·30 to 10·74	10·69	−4·87 to 26·25	−3·87	−14·34 to 6·59	−10·92	−37·24 to 15·40
	Contraceptive use	3·96	−4·97 to 12·89	14·41	−0·54 to 29·36	16·75	−10·57 to 44·07	2·66	−12·66 to 17·98	9·88	0·40 to 19·37	10·96	−22·66 to 44·58
Partial
	In need	−1·41	−5·75 to 2·92	2·86	−4·19 to 9·90	7·11	−4·84 to 19·06	2·40	−2·64 to 7·44	−0·05	−3·61 to 3·52	10·48	3·87 to 17·09
	Contraceptive use	2·67	−3·58 to 8·91	20·66	10·62 to 30·70	−10·23	−24·19 to 3·74	6·00	0·94 to 11·05	6·04	1·11 to 10·96	−2·39	−11·96 to 7·18
Complete
	In need	4·98	−3·45 to 13·40	−3·59	−19·07 to 11·88	1·89	−6·52 to 10·31	4·02	−2·43 to 10·47	0·79	−2·94 to 4·52	0·24	−8·05 to 8·53
	Contraceptive use	1·90	−10·44 to 14·23	9·88	−11·66 to 31·42	1·95	−7·25 to 11·14	4·54	−1·77 to 10·84	8·45	3·17 to 13·72	−0·25	−12·62 to 12·13

An inadequate sample size of nulliparous women in need of contraception in Lagos prohibited analysis of contraceptive use.