Table 1.

Imaging techniques to assess myocardial inflammation and its consequences in patients receiving anthracyclines (ANTs)

Acute/chronic phase, roles of imaging	Imaging technique	Main findings in ANT cardiotoxicity
Acute phase: - Early detection of cardiac damage - Prognostic stratification	(2D/3D) TTE	LV/RV regional/global systolic dysfunction; diastolic dysfunction
	(2D/3D) strain TTE	Subclinical LV/RV systolic dysfunction
	CMR	LV/RV regional/global systolic dysfunction; LV/RV hyperintensity in T2w sequences; LGE; increase in regional/global T1 and T2 mapping values
	SPECT	LVEF decrease
	18F-FDG PET	Increased glucose uptake
Chronic phase: - Detection of cardiac damage - Follow-up of known cardiomyopathy	TTE	LV/RV regional/global systolic dysfunction; diastolic dysfunction
	CMR	LV/RV regional/global systolic dysfunction; LGE
	SPECT	LVEF decrease

2D/3D two-/three-dimensional, ¹⁸F-FDG PET, ¹⁸F-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography, CMR cardiac magnetic resonance, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, LV/RV left/right ventricle, TTE transthoracic echocardiography