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. 2021 May 24;9(1):e001871. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001871

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of palmitic acid (PA) on CCR7 expression and proinflammatory signaling in adipose tissue of C57BL/6 mice. (A, B) Effects of PA on CCR7 expression in BMDCs. (A) Ccr7 mRNA expression level following 6-hour stimulation with PA (100 µM), E. coli LPS (100 ng/mL), and rmTNFα (100 ng/mL) in BMDCs. Fold changes in the expressions of each gene relative to Gapdh were determined by RT-PCR (n=3). (B) Flow cytometry analysis of CCR7 expression in CD11c+MHCII+ BMDCs treated with vehicle (BSA) or vehicle+PA for 24 hours. (C–G) Effects of PA on CCR7 expression in adipose tissue of C57BL/6 mice. All mice were fed with a normal diet (ND) after weaning. Tissue and blood samples were harvested 12 hours after a single intraperitoneal injection of PA or vehicle (BSA). (C) Serum FFA concentration was measured by ELISA as described in ‘Research design and methods’ section. (D) Immunohistochemical analysis of CCR7 expression. Positive area appears brown color (black arrows). Images were representative from three samples of each group. Scale bar, 100 µm for 40× magnification. (E) Quantification of CCR7-positive area of immunohistochemical analysis. (F, G) Relative expression level of proinflammatory-related genes in iWAT (F) and eWAT (G) was determined by RT-PCR. Data are expressed as fold changes in the expressions of each gene relative to Gapdh. n=3–4 per group. Data are expressed as mean (SD). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. BMDCs, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CCR7, CC-chemokine receptor 7; eWAT, epididymal white adipose tissue; FFA, free fatty acid; iWAT, inguinal white adipose tissue; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.