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. 2021 May 25;11:10894. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90225-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Conceptual diagram of the experimental procedures and their estimated time required for the behavioral analysis with or without the systems. By using the combination of the two systems established in this study, video-recording and their organization were completely automated, and behavioral annotation was drastically shortened and became easier compared to conventional manual behavioral annotation. Without the systems, the observer is forced to manually switch on 16 video cameras. Also, it is necessary to manually perform file-naming/encoding/transferring to strage, which takes approximately 1 h. Furthermore, the behavioral annotation without the Ethogramer took 40 min per video. Accordingly, it is expected that behavioral annotation for 16 pairs takes approximately more than ten hours. On the other hand, with the systems, video-recording of 16 pairs of medaka was automatically/simultaneously performed by running Record.sh via SSH remote login. Immediately after recording, file-naming, encoding, and transferring to storage were automatically performed, and it took approximately 30 min. Since the behavioral annotation was performed while replaying the first 30 min of each video at double speed by using Ethogramer, the time spent for the behavioral annotation of 16 pairs of medaka was only 4 h.