Table 1.

Data collection

	Service leaders (national)	Case studies (10 hospital sites)
Total number of participants interviewed	10	218 (Health professionals n=124, Patients/carers n=94)
Interview type	Semistructured telephone interviews	Semistructured face-to-face and telephone interviews
Aim	In-depth understanding from key informants	In-depth understanding from selected case sites
Job roles represented	Department of Health and Social Care, NHS England, NHS Improvement, Royal College of Emergency Medicine	GPs working in the ED, ED doctors (juniors, registrars and consultants), nurses (streaming, triage, minor injuries and emergency nurse practitioners), ED managerial and clinical leads, and clinical directors.

ED, emergency department; GPs, general practitioners; NHS, National Health Service.