Table 2.

Differences in family resilience, parenting styles and child psychosocial adjustment by childhood chronic illness history (n = 334).

	Children with chronic illness (n = 236)	Healthy children (n = 98)	t	p-value
Family resilience	127.82 ± 9.942	135.27 ± 16.154	4.240	0.000
FCPS	80.66 ± 7.085	84.90 ± 10.305	3.721	0.000
USER	21.44 ± 2.626	22.69 ± 3.565	3.133	0.002
MPA	16.91 ± 2.044	18.43 ± 2.306	5.962	0.000
AMMA	8.81 ± 1.003	9.24 ± 1.347	3.252	0.001
Authoritative parenting	37.44 ± 5.919	39.20 ± 5.183	2.574	0.010
Permissive parenting	22.45 ± 5.471	23.54 ± 5.449	1.662	0.097
Authoritarian parenting	8.83 ± 2.041	8.40 ± 2.389	−1.570	0.118
Inconsistent parenting	23.98 ± 4.941	24.46 ± 6.292	0.668	0.505
Emotional symptoms	2.80 ± 2.021	3.15 ± 2.198	1.430	0.154
Conduct problems	2.16 ± 1.456	2.35 ± 1.386	1.078	0.282
Hyperactivity/inattention	4.39 ± 2.046	4.46 ± 2.188	0.293	0.770
Peer relationship problems	3.36 ± 1.649	2.94 ± 1.545	−2.188	0.029
Prosocial behavior	6.31 ± 2.365	6.38 ± 2.147	0.262	0.794
Total difficulties scores	12.71 ± 4.824	12.90 ± 5.142	0.322	0.748

FCPS, Family Communication and Problem Solving; USER, Utilizing Social and Economic Resources; MPA, Maintaining a Positive Attitude; AMMA, Ability to Make Meaning of Adversity.