TABLE 1.

Plant secondary metabolites as probable drug candidates for COVID-19.

Metabolites	Drug targets	Applied computational approach	Study group
Curcumin, nimbin, withaferin A, piperine, mangiferin, thebaine, berberine, and andrographolide	ACE-2 and spike protein	_	Maurya et al. (2020)
Chebulagic acid	ACE-2 and spike protein	Molecular docking	Krishnasamy et al. (2020)
Emodin, hesperidin, and chrysin	ACE-2 and spike protein	Molecular docking and modeling of protein	Basu et al. (2020)
Curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, chrysophanol, and apigenin	Spike protein	Molecular docking	Subbaiyan et al. (2020)
Quercetin, magnoflorine, luteolin, tinosponone, cirsimaritin, chrysoeriol, and vasicinone	Spike protein	Molecular docking	Kiran et al. (2020)
Digitoxigenin, crocin, and β-eudesmol	Main protease	Molecular docking	Aanouz et al. (2020)
Folic acid, hispidin, and lepidine-E	Main protease	Structure activity relationship and molecular docking	Serseg et al. (2020)
Baicalin, hypericin, 3-glucoside, cyanidin, and glabridin	Main protease	_	Islam et al. (2020)
Benzylidenechromanones	Main protease	Molecular docking and bioinformatics	Sepay et al. (2020)
Leucoefdin	Main protease	Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation	Singh and Mishra (2020)
Arjunglucoside-I, carnosol, and rosmanol	Main protease	Virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation	Umesh et al. (2020)
Withaferin A, silybin, quercetin, cordioside, and catechin	Spike protein, MPro, and RdRp	Molecular docking	Pandit and Latha (2020)
(±) 6-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine, allocryptopine, and protopine	RdRp	Molecular docking	Pandeya et al. (2020)
Piceatannol, resveratrol, pinosylvin, and pterostilbene	ACE-2 receptor	Molecular docking	Wahedi et al. (2020)
Chloroquine, isothymol, and captopril	ACE-2 receptor	Drug-likeness, PASS and P450 site of metabolism prediction, pharmacophore mapper, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation	Abdelli et al. (2020)
Macaflavanone E, belachinal, and vibsanol B	Envelope protein	Protein sequence analysis, dynamic simulation, molecular docking, and intermolecular interaction	Gupta et al. (2020)
Myricitrin, amaranthin, calceolarioside B, licoleafol, methyl rosmarinat, and colistin	3CLpro	_	Rothan and Byrareddy (2020)
Cryptoquindoline, 10-hydroxyusambarensine, 20-epibryonolic acid, 22-hydroxyhopan-3-one, cryptospirolepine, 6-oxoisoiguesterin, and isoiguesterin	3CLpro	Drug-likeness, prediction analysis, and ligand–protein interaction	Gyebi et al. (2020)
Coumarine and flavone	3CLpro	Structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamic simulation	Khan et al. (2020)
Nimocin, nimbolin A, and cycloartanols	Envelope and membrane proteins	Virtual screening, molecular dynamic simulation, and docking	Borkotoky and Banerjee (2020)
Glabridin, apigenin, glycoumarin, glucobrassicin, and oleanolic acid	6LU7 and 6Y2E proteases	Molecular docking analysis	Sampangi-Ramaiah et al. (2020)