Table 1.
Demographic data of the PAF and control groups.
| PAF (n = 106) | Control (n = 20) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.1 ± 10.7 | 68.3 ± 8.6 | 0.50 |
| Male (n, %) | 70 (66%) | 11 (55%) | 0.35 |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 24.3 ± 3.7 | 22.3 ± 2.9 | 0.04 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.7 ± 17.7 | 132.0 ± 18.9 | 0.87 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.2 ± 13.8 | 76.6 ± 10.2 | 0.86 |
| HR (beats/min) | 72.0 ± 14.7 | 71.6 ± 9.4 | 0.78 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 40.6 ± 4.4 | 41.5 ± 3.6 | 0.38 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 73.0 ± 14.2 | 74.1 ± 22.8 | 0.27 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 209.4 ± 333.5 | 289.2 ± 731.0 | 0.34 |
| Medical and drug history | 9 (3–12) | – | |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 64 (60%) | 13 (65%) | 0.70 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 17 (16%) | 5 (25%) | 0.33 |
| Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 38 (36%) | 10 (50%) | 0.23 |
| CAD (n, %) | 1 (1%) | 1 (5%) | 0.18 |
| Heart failure (n, %) | 7 (7%) | 1 (5%) | 0.79 |
| Stroke (n, %) | 12 (11%) | 1 (5%) | 0.39 |
| CHADS2 score | 1.3 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 0.76 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 0.50 |
| Duration of PAF (month) | 9 (3–12) | – | – |
| ACEi/ARB (n, %) | 37 (35%) | 7 (35%) | 0.99 |
| Calcium channel blocker (n, %) | 39 (37%) | 8 (40%) | 0.79 |
| Beta-blocker (n, %) | 50 (47%) | 5 (25%) | 0.07 |
| Diuretic (n, %) | 8 (8%) | 1 (5%) | 0.67 |
| Statin (n, %) | 33 (31%) | 6 (30%) | 0.92 |
| Antidiabetic drugs/insulin (n, %) | 12 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 0.11 |
| Anticoagulant drugs (n, %)* | 106 (100%) | 2 (10%) | < 0.0001 |
| Number of antiarrhythmic drugs* | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | < 0.0001 |
All data are shown as mean ± standard division, median (interquartile range), or number of participants (percentages), as appreciate.
ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, BMI body mass index, CAD coronary artery disease, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HR heart rate, NT-proBNP N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide, PAF paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, SBP systolic blood pressure. *P < 0.05.