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. 2021 May 25;12:3101. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23452-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a (a-1) DNase II knockdown (6 days after transfection) in SH-SY5Y cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown was confirmed at the mRNA and protein (western blotting) levels. a-2 Immunostaining for dsDNA, histone H2B, and Hsp60 in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with the DNase II siRNA shows cytosolic dsDNA deposits (white arrow). The bar graph shows the ratio of ectopic dsDNA+ cells among SH-SY5Y cells transfected with DNase II siRNAs. a-3 The death of DNase II-depleted cells was assayed by immunofluorescence staining for caspase-3. b (b-1) In situ hybridization of mitochondrial DNA and coimmunostaining for histone H2B and Hsp60 in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with DNase II siRNA. A white arrow indicates cytosolic dsDNA of mitochondrial origin. b-2 Transmission electron micrographs of SH-SY5Y cells transfected with the DNase II siRNA. c qPCR analysis of DNase II, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-β mRNAs in DNase II-depleted SH-SY5Y cells. N.S.: statistically not significant. d Effects of DNase II overexpression on the death of SH-SY5Y cells with GBA, ATP13A2, and PINK1 knockdown. d-1 The increase in cytosolic dsDNA deposits in GBA-, ATP13A2-, and PINK1-depleted SH-SY5Y cells were suppressed by DNase II overexpression. si-Triple: Knockdown of GBA, ATP13A2, and PINK1 expression with siRNAs. d-2 Cell death and rescue effects were assayed using western blotting for cleaved Caspase-3 and cleaved Gasdermin D and propidium iodide (PI) staining. si-Triple: Knockdown of GBA, ATP13A2, and PINK1 expression with siRNAs. e Effects of DNase II overexpression on the type I IFN responses of SH-SY5Y cells with GBA, ATP13A2, and PINK1 knockdown. si-Triple: Knockdown of GBA, ATP13A2, and PINK1 expression with siRNAs. The statistical details are described in Supplementary Table 4. Source data of Fig. 2 are provided as a Source Data file.