Fig. 1. Distribution across cities of mean summer daytime surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity by sociodemographic group.

Each panel compares kernel density estimates for two sociodemographic groups. Diagrams are normalized so that the area under each curve equals 175 cities. Hispanic is defined as all who report “Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin” as their ethnicity, regardless of race. People of color includes all Hispanic and all who do not identify as white alone. a Non-Hispanic white vs. all people of color. b 2× above poverty vs. below poverty. c Below poverty vs. all people of color. d Over 5 vs. under 5. e Under 65 vs. over 65. f Over 65: non-Hispanic white vs. all people of color. g Under 5: non-Hispanic white vs. all people of color. a illustrates that people of color have an average SUHI exposure greater than 2 °C in more cities than non-Hispanic whites.