Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with survival and recurrence
| Overall survival | Recurrence free survival | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | p | HR (95%CI) | p | |
| Univariate analysis | ||||
| S100A4a (high vs. low) | 3.056 (1.965-4.752) | <0.001 | 2.746 (1.772-4.257) | <0.001 |
| OPN (high vs. low) | 2.556 (1.671-3.910) | <0.001 | 1.775 (1.173-2.685) | 0.007 |
| Sex (male vs. female) | 1.179 (0.627-2.215) | 0.609 | 0.980 (0.545-1.764) | 0.947 |
| Age (>50 vs. <50 years) | 0.793 (0.522-1.205) | 0.278 | 0.844 (0.554-1.287) | 0.431 |
| HBsAg (positive vs. negative) | 0.872 (0.501-1.516) | 0.627 | 0.845 (0.486-1.470) | 0.551 |
| HBcAb (positive vs. negative) | 1.030 (0.450-2.358) | 0.944 | 0.896 (0.391-2.055) | 0.796 |
| Cirrhosis (yes vs. no) | 0.933 (0.496-1.754) | 0.830 | 1.172 (0.623-2.203) | 0.623 |
| ALT (>75 vs. <75 U/L) | 0.798 (0.451-1.410) | 0.437 | 1.073 (0.584-1.973) | 0.819 |
| AFP (>20 vs. <20 ng/ml) | 1.558 (0.965-2.519) | 0.070 | 1.504 (0.941-2.404) | 0.088 |
| Tumor size (>5 vs. <5 cm) | 2.431 (1.577-3.749) | <0.001 | 1.920 (1.258-2.928) | 0.002 |
| Tumor number (multiple vs. single) | 1.281 (0.773-2.122) | 0.337 | 0.989 (0.568-1.721) | 0.969 |
| Tumor capsule (none vs. complete) | 1.929 (1.249-2.979) | 0.003 | 1.796 (1.168-2.762) | 0.008 |
| Tumor thrombus (yes vs. no) | 2.511 (1.661-3.795) | <0.001 | 2.228 (1.476-3.365) | <0.001 |
| Tumor differentiationb (III-IV vs. I-II) | 1.222 (0.787 -1.896) | 0.372 | 1.529 (0.988-2.367) | 0.057 |
| Combination of S100A4 and OPN | ||||
| Double high vs. double low | 9.490 (4.488-20.065) | <0.001 | 5.897 (2.874-12.102) | <0.001 |
| Double high vs. (S100A4 high, OPN low) | 2.280 (1.360-3.825) | 0.002 | 1.615 (0.941-2.772) | 0.082 |
| Double high vs. (S100A4 low, OPN high) | 2.471 (1.435-4.254) | 0.001 | 1.812 (1.014-3.239) | 0.045 |
| Multivariate analysis1 | ||||
| S100A4 (high vs. low) | 2.554 (1.631-3.999) | <0.001 | 2.360 (1.502-3.708) | <0.001 |
| OPN (high vs. low) | 2.423 (1.576-3.724) | <0.001 | 1.760 (1.153-2.685) | 0.009 |
| Tumor size (>5 vs. <5 cm) | 1.730 (1.098-2.727) | 0.018 | 1.345 (0.859-2.107) | 0.195 |
| Tumor capsule (complete vs. none) | 1.740 (1.121-2.703) | 0.014 | 1.565 (1.016-2.411) | 0.042 |
| Tumor thrombus (yes vs. no) | 1.743 (1.132-2.685) | 0.012 | 1.766 (1.144-2.727) | 0.010 |
| Multivariate analysis2 | ||||
| Combination of S100A4 and OPN | ||||
| Double high vs. double low | 7.697 (3.561-16.641) | <0.001 | 4.795 (2.236-10.281) | <0.001 |
| Double high vs. (S100A4 high, OPN low) | 2.265 (1.343-3.821) | 0.002 | 1.692 (0.978-2.928) | 0.060 |
| Double high vs. (S100A4 low, OPN high) | 2.150 (1.233-3.750) | 0.007 | 1.489 (0.819-2.706) | 0.192 |
AFP alpha-fetoprotein, ALT alanine aminotransferase, HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen, HBcAb hepatitis B core antibody, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
a exosomal S100A4
b Edmondson grade
1 Multivariate analysis of S100A4, OPN, Tumor size, Tumor capsule, Tumor thrombus
2 Multivariate analysis of Combination S100A4 and OPN, Tumor size, Tumor capsule, Tumor thrombus
Bold values: A p-value of 0.05 or lower is considered significant