Table 1.
Summary of included studies.
| Publication | Study design | Baseline sample size | Trial duration | Mean age (y), sex (% male) | Diagnosis; baseline PANSS total score | First episode or early phase | Mean dose (mg/d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Girgis et al.10 (Mixed) |
DB-RCT | ARI (N = 237) | 52 wk | 27.2 (6.3), 62.5% | Schizophrenia (DSM-IV); 94.3 (15.4) |
According to doi: ~2.8 y (33.6 mo) |
ARI: 28.4 (3.1) |
| HAL (N = 123) | HAL: 8.6 (1.2) | ||||||
| Total (N = 360) | |||||||
|
Zhang et al.11 (China) |
OL-RCT | ARI (N = 71) | 52 wk (of 13, 26, 52 wk) | 26.4 (7.5), 61.0% | Schizophrenia (DSM-IV); 88.4 (13.0) | According to authors’ definition (first episode), doi: 2.3 (1.1) mo | ARI: 12.4 (6.5) |
| PAL (N = 63) | PAL: 6.4 (5.3) | ||||||
| ZIP (N = 69) | ZIP: 36.4 (15.6) | ||||||
| Total (N = 203) | |||||||
|
Maat et al.12 (Netherlands) |
OL-RCT | ARI (N = 20) | 8 wk | 25.5 (6.0), 81.3% | Schizophrenia (DSM-IV); 71.9 (13.5) | According to authors’ reply (doi: <5 y) | ARI: 17.0 (6.2) |
| RIS (N = 28) | RIS: 3.6 (1.1) | ||||||
| Total (N = 48) | |||||||
|
Zhang et al.13 (China) |
SB-RCT | ARI (N = 50) | 8 wk | 41.0 (13.0), 65.3% | Schizophrenia (CCMD-3); 90.5 (14.2) | According to authors’ definition (first-episode, antipsychotic-naïve), doi: 22.5 (18.6) mo | ARI: 16.4 (3.2) |
| QUE (N = 50) | |||||||
| OLA (N = 50) | QUE: 598.0 (147.0) | ||||||
| Total (N = 150) | OLA: 18.1 (3.0) | ||||||
|
Kuzmanovic et al.14 (Serbia) |
?-RCT | ARI (N = 30) | 26 wk | No info | First-episode schizophrenia; 107.2 | According to authors’ definition (first episode), doi:? | ARI: 13.2 |
| HAL (N = 30) | HAL: 11.8 | ||||||
| Total (N = 60) | |||||||
|
Robinson et al.15 (USA & Canada) |
DB-RCT | ARI (N = 102) | 12 wk | 22.1 (5.6), 71% | Schizophrenia, schizophreniform, schizoaffective disorder, or psychotic disorder NOS (DSM-IV); ~80 |
According to authors’ definition (first episode), doi: 125.5 (208.8) wk (28.9 mo) |
ARI: 14.8 (6.0) |
| RIS (N = 96) | RIS: 3.2 (1.5) | ||||||
| Total (N = 198) | |||||||
|
Savitz et al.16 (Mixed) |
DB-RCT | ARI (N = 114) | 26 wk (of 8, 26 wk) | 15.3 (1.5), 66.0% | Schizophrenia (DSM-IV, K-SADS-PL); 90.8 (12.2) |
According to doi: 2.9 (2.1) y (34.8 mo) |
ARI: 11.6 (3.0) |
| PAL (N = 112) | PAL: 6.8 (1.8) | ||||||
| Total (N = 226) | |||||||
|
Takekita et al.17 (Japan) |
OL-RCT | ARI (N = 18) | 12 wk | 39.8 (16.0), 55.0% | Schizophrenia (DSM-IV); 101.3 (18.2) | According to authors’ definition (antipsychotic-naïve), doi:? | ARI: 14.7 (4.7) |
| PER (N = 22) | PER: 18.4 (11.6) | ||||||
| Total (N = 40) | |||||||
|
Nussbaum et al.18 (Romania) |
OL-RCT | ARI (N = 22) | 104 wk (of 13, 26, 52, 78, 104 wk) | 16.0 (2.5), 53.3% | Schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (DSM-IV, K-SADS-PL) - only used schizophrenia; 135.3 (15.9) | According to mean age: <18 y, doi:? | No info |
| RIS (N = 22) | |||||||
| Total (N = 44) | |||||||
|
Pagsberg et al.19; related publication31 (Denmark) |
DB-RCT | ARI (N = 58) | 12 wk | 15.8 (1.3), 30.1% | Schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, delusional disorder, affective-spectrum psychotic disorder (ICD-10); 77.9 (12.3) | According to authors’ definition (first episode), doi: 30 mo | ARI: 13.0 (5.5) |
| QUE (N = 55) | QUE: 426.4 (169.3) | ||||||
| Total (N = 113) | |||||||
|
Wang et al.20 (China) |
OL-RCT | ARI (N = 39) | 6-8 wk | 27.8 (8.3), 46.3% | Schizophrenia (DSM-IV); ~99 | According to authors’ definition (first episode, antipsychotic-naïve), doi: 8.5 (13.0) mo | ARI: 25.7 (6.5) |
| RIS (N = 43) | RIS: 5.0 (2.5) | ||||||
| QUE (N = 39) | QUE: 634.5 (207.6) | ||||||
| ZIP (N = 19) | ZIP: 102.9 (49.6) | ||||||
| OLA (N = 35) | OLA: 17.6 (3.4) | ||||||
| Total (N = 175) | |||||||
|
Liemburg et al.21 (Netherlands) |
SB-RCT | ARI (N = 12) | 9 wk | 27.7 (10.0), 87.5% | Schizophrenia or a related non-affective psychotic disorder (DSM-IV); 66.3 (10.6) |
According to doi: 3.9 (6.4) y (46.8 mo) |
ARI: 7.7 (2.3) |
| RIS (N = 12) | RIS: 2.3 (1.0) | ||||||
| Total (N = 24) | |||||||
|
Cheng et al.22 ; related publications32,33 (China) |
OL-RCT | ARI (N = 162) | 8 wk | 24.8 (7.4), 50.5% | Schizophrenia (DSM-IV); 86.1 (14.9) | According to authors’ definition (first episode), doi: 8.8 mo | ARI: 17.6 (5.2) |
| RIS (N = 157) | RIS: 3.7 (1.2) | ||||||
| OLA (N = 158) | OLA: 16.0 (4.9) | ||||||
| Total (N = 477) | |||||||
|
Gómez-Revuelta et al.23; related publications24–30 (Spain) |
OL-RCT | ARI (N = 78) | 3 yr | 29.6 (2.6), 57.5% | Brief psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform, schizoaffective disorder, psychotic disorder NOS (DSM-IV); ~111 | According to authors’ definition (first episode), doi: 25.4 (5.9) mo | ARI: 16.3 |
| RIS (N = 63) | RIS: 2.9 | ||||||
| QUE (N = 62) | QUE: 195.9 | ||||||
| ZIP (N = 62) | ZIP: 121.3 | ||||||
| OLA (N = 55) | OLA: 8.7 | ||||||
| HAL (N = 56) | HAL: 3.2 | ||||||
| Total (N = 376) |
ARI aripiprazole, CCMD Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders, DB double-blind, DOI duration of illness, HAL: haloperidol, K-SADS-PL Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, OL open-label, OLA olanzapine, PAL paliperidone, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PER perospirone, QUE quetiapine, RCT randomized controlled trial, RIS risperidone, SB single-blind, ZIP ziprasidone.