Table 1.

The chemical structures of itaconate and its derivatives.

		Itaconate	DI	4-OI	4-EI
Chemical formular		C5H6O4	C7H10O4	C13H22O4	C7H10O4
Synthesize year		1836	1906	2018	1985
Molecular weight (g mol−1)		130.099	158.15	242.31	158.15
Concentration		7.5 mM	0.25 mM	0.25 mM	10 mM
Electrophilicity		±	+ +	+ +	±
Intracellular levels of itaconate		↑	–	–	↑
Immunological properties	Succinate	↑	–	–	–
	I-κBζ inhibition	–	+	+	–
	Pro-IL-1β	–	↓↓	↓	–
	Mature IL-1β	↓	↓	↓	↓
	IFN-β	↓	↓↓	↓↓	↓

The chemical structures, molecular weight, electrophilicity and properties for itaconate and its derivatives a are summarized in this table.