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. 2021 May 12;9:650819. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650819

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Copyright © 2021 Wang, Chen, Chang, Hu, Wang, Xie and Cheng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metabolic processes associated with the low-dose HRS phenomenon. (A,B) Differences in metabolites between the ATM-knockdown group and the control group. (C,D) Differences in metabolites between the JNK-knockdown group and the control group. (E,F) Differences in metabolites between the AMBRA1-knockdown group and the control group. (G) Effect of DL-Norvaline on the low-dose radiosensitivity of A549 cells. (H,I) Effect of DL-Norvaline on the expression levels of ATM, JNK, and AMBRA1 in A549 cells. (J) Effect of siRNA knockdown of ATM on the DL-Norvaline effect. (K) Effect of DL-Norvaline on autophagy ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01.