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An overview of the mtDNA damage repair. Ionizing radiation, base deamination, replication errors, and DNA damaging agents, such as oxidants, alkylating agents, and crosslinking agents, can cause mtDNA damages. BER is the primary mtDNA damage repair pathway, whereas NER is not observed in mitochondria. In addition, other repair pathways, such as DR, MMR and DSBR, may exist in the mitochondria.
