TABLE 1.

Sources, spectrums, and modes of action of representative narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

Antibiotics	Sources	Antibacterial spectrums	Modes of action	References
Fidaxomicin	Dactylosporangium aurantiacum	C. difficile	Inhibits RNA polymerase	Sears et al. (2013)
Ridinilazole	Unknown	C. difficile	Enhances the preservation of microbiota-dependent bile acids	Qian et al. (2020)
Teixobactin	Uncultured organisms	Gram-positive bacteria	Inhibit the synthesis of cell wall	Ling et al. (2015)
A thiochromenone antibiotic	Pseudomonas quinolone signal	Moraxella catarrhalis	Inhibits a target in the primary energy metabolism	Szamosvári et al. (2019)
Thuricin Z	Bacillus thuringiensis	B. cereus	Causes membrane permeabilization	Mo et al. (2019)
Lysocin E	Soil bacteria	Bacteria with menaquinone	Loss of membrane potential	Hamamoto et al. (2015)
Lugdunin	Human-associated bacteria	Gram-positive bacteria	Breakdown of bacterial energy resources	Zipperer et al. (2016)
Corbomycin and complestatin	Actinomycetes	Gram-positive bacteria	Inhibits peptidoglycan remodeling	Culp et al. (2020)
Darobactin	Photorhabdus symbionts of entomopathogenic nematode microbiomes	Gram-negative bacteria	Disrupts the formation of a functional outer membrane	Imai et al. (2019)
G0775	Arylomycins	Gram-negative bacteria	Inhibits bacterial type I signal peptidase	Smith et al. (2018)
Ilamycins E1/E2	Streptomyces atratus SCSIO ZH16	M. tuberculosis	Unknown	Ma et al. (2017)
Novel griselimycins	Streptomyces	M. tuberculosis	Inhibits the DNA polymerase sliding clamp dnan	Kling et al. (2015)
Linezolid	Synthetic antibiotic	Gram-positive bacteria	Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis	Hashemian et al. (2018)
Daptomycin	S. reseosporus	Gram-positive bacteria	Disrupts cell membrane	Heidary et al. (2018)
Microcin B17	Bacteria with pMccB17	Gammaproteobacteria	Inhibits DNA replication	Collin and Maxwell (2019)
Plantazolicin	Bacillus methylotrophicus FZB42 and Bacillus pumilus	B. anthracis	Disrupts cell membrane	Molohon et al. (2016)
NVB302	Deoxyactagardine B	C. difficile	Inhibits cell wall biosynthesis	Petrosillo et al. (2018)