Table 5.
A multivariable linear model showing the relationships between predictor variables and boredom, anxiety and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic
| Boredom | Anxiety | WHO Well-Being | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ß (Std. Err) | ß (Std. Err) | ß (Std. Err) | |
| Sex | |||
| Females (Ref.) | |||
| Males | -1.14 (0.48) * | -0.97 (0.35) ** | 0.74 (0.40) |
| Age range | |||
| 18–24 (Ref.) | |||
| 25–34 | −2.13 (1.30) | 1.07 (0.84) | 0.39 (0.92) |
| 35–44 | −1.23 (1.46) | 1.76 (0.94) | −0.12 (1.09) |
| 45–54 | −2.77 (1.58) | −0.35 (1.05) | 0.27 (1.26) |
| 55–64 | −4.32 (2.03) * | 0.04 (1.29) | 0.49 (1.47) |
| 65+ | −4.49 (1.81) * | −2.23 (1.33) | 4.30 (1.44) ** |
| Marital status | |||
| Single (Ref.) | |||
| Married | −0.77 (0.75) | −1.17 (0.54) * | 0.87 (0.63) |
| Number of children | |||
| 0 (Ref.) | |||
| 1 | 0.74 (0.75) | 0.45 (0.70) | −1.21 (0.78) |
| 2 | −0.79 (0.82) | 0.11 (0.64) | −0.82 (0.78) |
| 3 | 0.16 (.99) | 0.96 (0.73) | −0.37 (0.84) |
| 4 | −0.19 (1.59) | 0.34 (0.99) | −1.48 (1.04) |
| More than 4 | 0.72 (1.20) | 2.20 (1.20) | −4.28 (1.35) ** |
| Education | |||
| Secondary & lower (Ref) | |||
| Post-Secondary | −0.43 (1.38) | 1.23 (0.79) | −3.59 (1.06) *** |
| Bachelor’s | 0.27 (1.36) | 0.55 (0.77) | −3.14 (1.04) ** |
| Master’s | 0.29 (1.36) | 1.30 (0.81) | −3.12 (1.07) ** |
| Doctorate | −0.67 (1.46) | 0.49 (0.93) | −3.24 (0.18) * |
| Employment Status | |||
| Unemployed (Ref.) | |||
| Employed | −0.59 (0.86) | 0.20 (0.66) | 0.14 (0.69) |
| Socio-Economic Status | |||
| Low income (Ref.) | |||
| Lower Middle income | −0.26 (0.84) | 0.22 (0.57) | 0.54 (0.64) |
| High income | −1.39 (1.73) | 0.02 (0.79) | 4.92 (1.45) * |
| Higher Middle income | 0.60 (0.96) | −0.11 (1.15) | 1.36 (0.77) |
| COVID-19 infection with household member | |||
| No (Ref.) | |||
| Not sure | 1.19 (1.05) | 1.35 (0.0.79) | −0.72 (0.75) |
| Yes | 1.41 (1.38) | −0.12 (1.15) | 0.86 (0.92) |
| Boredom before COVID-19 | 0.89 (0.03) *** | ||
| Anxiety before COVID-19 | 0.59 (0.04) *** | −0.25 (0.04) *** | |
| Concern about COVID-19 | |||
| Not to somewhat concern (Ref) | |||
| Moderately concerned | 0.51 (0.69) | 0.65 (0.86) | |
| Extremely concerned | 1.24 (0.57) * | −1.53 (0.69) | |
| Existing Medical Condition | |||
| No condition (Ref.) | |||
| Not sure | 1.78 (1.09) | 0.91 (0.39) | −0.85 (0.58) |
| Have a medical condition | 1.76 (0.80) *** | 1.83 (0.65) ** | −1.53 (0.58) ** |
| Root MSE | 6.52 | 4.81 | 5.42 |
| Adjusted R-Squared | 0.59 | 0.31 | 0.11 |
ß Beta Coefficient, Std Err Robust Standard Error, WHO World Health Organization, Root MSE the root mean squared error is the sd of the regression. The closer to zero better the fit. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001